front 1 The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the a. Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610. b. French at Quebec in 1608. c. English at Jamestown in 1607. d. English at Massachusetts Bay in 1621. e. French at Saint Augustine in 1611. | back 1 C |
front 2 Which word best describes England's efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish Empire? a. Indifferent b. Competitive c. Aggressive d. Domineering e. Influential | back 2 A |
front 3 Identify the statement that is false. a. England took little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies in the first half of the 16th century. b. English society was disrupted by religious conflict when King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s. c. The Protestant Reformation resulted in years of a seesaw of the balance of power between Catholics and Protestants throughout England. d. Spain and England were long-time and bitter enemies in the first half of the 16th century. e. When Elizabeth ascended to the English throne in 1558, the rivalry with Spain intensified. | back 3 B |
front 4 The English treatment of the Irish, under the reign of Elizabeth I, can best be described as a. firm but fair. b. better than their treatment of any English subjects. c. the prime example of salutary neglect. d. violent and unjust. e. supportive of their Catholic faith. | back 4 D |
front 5 Match each individual on the left with the correct phrase on the right. A. Francis Drake 1. "sea dog" who plundered the treasure ships of the Spanish Main B. Walter Raleigh C. Humphrey Gilbert 2. adventurer who tried but failed to establish a colony in Newfoundland 3. explorer whose voyage in 1498 established England's territorial claims in the New World 4. courtier whose colony at Roanoke Island was mysteriously abandoned in the 1580s 5. colonizer who helped establish tobacco as a cash crop in Georgia a. A-2, B-1, C-3 b. A-1, B-4, C-2 c. A-3, B-2, C-1 d. A-4, B-3, C-2 e. A-5, B-4, C-1 | back 5 B |
front 6 Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the a. War of Spanish Succession. b. defeat of the Spanish Armada. c. loss of Brazil. d. Treaty of Tordesillas. e. conquest of Mexico by Portugal. | back 6 B |
front 7 The first English attempt at colonization in 1585 was in a. Newfoundland. b. St. Augustine. c. Jamestown. d. Roanoke Island. e. Massachusetts Bay. | back 7 D |
front 8 England's defeat of the Spanish Armada a. led to a Franco-Spanish alliance that prevented England from establishing its own American colonies. b. allowed England to take control of Spain's American colonies. c. demonstrated that Spanish Catholicism was inferior to English Protestantism. d. helped to ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic. e. occurred despite weather conditions, which favored Spain. | back 8 D |
front 9 Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Reformation, (B) founding of Jamestown colony, (C) Restoration, (D) defeat of the Spanish Armada, and (E) colony of Georgia founded. a. A, B, C, D, E b. C, A, D, B, E c. D, A, B, C, E d. A, D, B, C, E e. E, D, A, C, B | back 9 D |
front 10 Identify the statement that is false. a. England's victory over the Spanish Armada helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic. b. England never experienced any religious unity or stability as it continued to have years and years of bloody warfare over religious radicalism. c. England's victory over the Spanish Armada started England on its way to becoming master of the world oceans. d. England had a strong, unified national state under a popular monarch. e. England had a strong vibrant sense of nationalism and national destiny. | back 10 B |
front 11 The spirit of the English on the eve of colonization included all of the following except a. restlessness. b. limited patriotism. c. curiosity about the unknown. d. thirst for adventure. e. self-confidence. | back 11 B |
front 12 On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a a. unified national state. b. measure of religious unity. c. sense of nationalism. d. popular monarch. e. All of these | back 12 E |
front 13 All of the following were true of England as the 17th century opened up except a. a large population boom. b. enclosing crop lands, thus forcing small farmers off the land. c. increasing unemployment. d. economic depression hit, displacing thousands of farmers. e. desolate cities with a decreasing population. | back 13 E |
front 14 The ____ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates. a. ancestry laws b. laws of primogeniture c. joint-stock companies d. laws of inheritance e. treaty of the elders | back 14 B |
front 15 The financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America were provided by a. a joint-stock company. b. a royal proprietor. c. Queen Elizabeth II. d. the law of primogeniture. e. an expanding wool trade. | back 15 A |
front 16 All of the following provided motives for English colonization except a. unemployment. b. thirst for adventure. c. desire for markets. d. desire for religious freedom. e. need for a place to exploit slave labor. | back 16 E |
front 17 The Virginia Charter guaranteed that English settlers in the New World would a. receive land parcels of 40 acres each. b. enjoy freedom of religion. c. be entitled to establish a separate government from that of England. d. retain the rights of Englishmen. e. conduct trade only with England and those countries approved by the British government. | back 17 D |
front 18 The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by a. starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids. b. economic prosperity. c. constant fear of Spanish invasion. d. major technological advancement. e. peace with the Native Americans. | back 18 A |
front 19 Despite an abundance of fish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because a. they had neither weapons nor fishing gear. b. their fear of Indians prevented them from venturing too far from the town. c. they were unaccustomed to fending for themselves and wasted time looking for gold. d. they lacked leaders to organize efficient hunting and fishing parties. e. there were not enough gentlemen to organize the work force. | back 19 C |
front 20 Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as a. very limited. b. saving the colony from collapse. c. persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold. d. worsening the colonists' relationship with the Indians. e. reducing the terrible death toll. | back 20 B |
front 21 Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped in order to a. impress Smith with his power and show the Indian's desire for peace. b. demonstrate the Indians' desire for war. c. punish Smith for refusing to marry Pocahontas. d. hold him for a large ransom to be paid by King James. e. save the Virginia community from utter collapse. | back 21 A |
front 22 Pocahontas saved Captain John Smith by a. agreeing to marry him. b. interposing her head between his and his captor's clubs. c. pleading with her father on Smith's behalf. d. nursing him back to health after a battle with her tribe. e. All of these | back 22 B |
front 23 Of the four hundred settlers who managed to make it to Virginia, only sixty survived the "starving time" winter of a. 1601-1602. b. 1609-1610. c. 1621-1622. d. 1634-1635. e. 1645-1646. | back 23 B |
front 24 When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he a. halted the rapid population decline. b. re-established better relations with the Indians. c. brought many Irish immigrants with him. d. died within a few months of his arrival. e. imposed a harsh military regime on the colony. | back 24 E |
front 25 Relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan were at first conciliatory, but remained tense, especially a. when the English attempted to capture all the Indians from his tribe. b. as the Indians attempted to assimilate into the English culture. c. as the starving colonists took to raiding Indian food supplies. d. when the Indians joined tribes in the Powhatan Confederacy to unite against the English. e. when Powhatan allied with the Spanish. | back 25 C |
front 26 A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the a. marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe. b. mass killing of the entire Powhatan tribe. c. English agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the Powhatan tribe. d. Powhatan tribe agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the English. e. agreement of John Rolfe and Pocahontas to divorce. | back 26 A |
front 27 The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as a. halting white settlement on the frontier. b. returning the Chesapeake Indians to their ancestral lands. c. making peaceful coexistence possible between the European and native peoples. d. ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society. e. bringing together areas of white and Indian settlement. | back 27 D |
front 28 After the Second Anglo-Powhatan War, the Powhatan tribe a. were banned from their ancestral lands by the 1646 peace treaty. b. were forced to live in separate designated areas away from white settlers. c. were isolated in an early form of what would become the reservation system. d. were considered extinct by the English in 1685. e. All of these | back 28 E |
front 29 Identify the statement that is false. a. The Powhatans were extremely resistant to European-borne maladies, unlike their other Indian counterparts. b. The Powhatans, despite their apparent cohesiveness, lacked the unity with which to make effective opposition to the well-organized whites. c. The Powhatans served no economic function for the Virginia colonists. d. Once the English settlers began growing their own food crops, the Powhatans had no valuable commodities to offer them in commerce. e. The Indian presence frustrated the colonists, they desperately wanted their land. | back 29 A |
front 30 The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) succumbed to the Europeans because they a. died in large numbers from European diseases. b. lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites. c. were no longer a resource for food once the Virginians began growing their own crops. d. were not a reliable labor source and could be disposed of without harming the colonial economy. e. All of these | back 30 E |
front 31 The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas; from this they a. were forced to move to the west. b. became sedentary forest dwellers. c. died out. d. lost their oral traditions. e. became nomadic hunters. | back 31 E |
front 32 The biggest disrupter of Native American life was a. introduction of horses. b. loss of culture. c. disease. d. fire arms. e. the formation of new tribes. | back 32 C |
front 33 The Indians who had the greatest opportunity to adapt to the European incursion were a. those living on the Atlantic seaboard. b. those in Florida. c. inland tribes such as the Algonquians. d. those in Latin America. e. the Pueblos. | back 33 C |
front 34 The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except a. the destruction of the soil. b. a great demand for controlled labor. c. soaring prosperity in the colony. d. diversification of the colony's economy. e. the broad-acred plantation system. | back 34 D |
front 35 After the purchases of slaves in 1619 by Jamestown settlers, additional purchases of Africans were few because a. they were poor workers. b. many colonists were morally opposed to slavery. c. their labor was not needed. d. indentured servants refused to work with them. e. they were too costly. | back 35 E |
front 36 In 1650, Virginia counted only 300 blacks in its population, although by the end of the century, blacks, most of them enslaved, made up approximately ____ percent of the colony's population. a. 6 b. 14 c. 25 d. 56 e. 73 | back 36 B |
front 37 The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it a. failed. b. was abolished by King James I. c. was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America. d. forced King James I to revoke the colony's royal charter and grant it self-government. e. allowed the seating of nonvoting Native Americans. | back 37 C |
front 38 A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony in 1634 was to a. establish a defensive buffer against Spanish colonies in the South. b. be financially profitable and create a refuge for the Catholics. c. help the Protestants, by giving them a safe haven. d. allow Lord Baltimore to keep all the land for himself. e. repudiate the feudal way of life. | back 38 B |
front 39 Despite its problems, Maryland prospered, and like Virginia it a. relied exclusively on African slave labor. b. remained a strong center of cotton production in the South. c. depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants. d. supplied the world's largest supply of beans and corn to Europe. e. remained a progressive state dedicated to social and economic equality of all its citizens. | back 39 C |
front 40 At the outset, Lord Baltimore allowed some religious toleration in the Maryland colony because he a. hoped to secure freedom of worship for his fellow Catholics. b. was a committed atheist. c. wanted the colony's Jews to be able to practice their faith. d. hoped to maintain a Catholic majority. e. was asked to do so by the king. | back 40 A |
front 41 In 1649, Maryland's Act of Toleration a. was issued by Lord Baltimore. b. abolished the death penalty previously given to those who denied the divinity of Jesus. c. gave freedom only to Catholics. d. protected Jews and atheists. e. guaranteed toleration to all Christians. | back 41 E |
front 42 Tobacco was considered a poor man's crop because a. it could be produced easily and quickly. b. it was smoked by the lower class. c. the poor were used to plant and harvest it. d. it could be purchased at a low price. e. it required complicated processing. | back 42 A |
front 43 Sugar was called a rich man's crop for all of the following reasons except that a. it had to be planted extensively. b. it required the clearing of much land. c. its commercial version could be purchased only by the wealthy. d. it required an elaborate refining process. e. it was a capital-intensive business. | back 43 C |
front 44 Under the Barbados slave code, slaves were a. guaranteed the right to marry. b. denied the most fundamental rights. c. protected from the most vicious punishments. d. given the opportunity to purchase their freedom. e. assigned specific monetary value. | back 44 B |
front 45 What would happen to slaves who attempted to fight back against physical assaults by white men, according to the 1661 Barbados slave code? a. They would be severely whipped. b. They would have their noses cut. c. They would be burned with a hot iron. d. They could be killed or dismembered, with no charges brought to the master responsible. e. All of these | back 45 E |
front 46 By about 1700, black slaves outnumbered white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly a. two to one. b. three to one. c. four to one. d. six to one. e. ten to one. | back 46 C |
front 47 The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in a. England. b. Virginia. c. Brazil. d. Barbados. e. Spain. | back 47 D |
front 48 The colony of South Carolina prospered a. by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies. b. only after Georgia was established. c. as a result of the importation of Indian slaves. d. because of its thriving shipbuilding industry. e. under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. | back 48 A |
front 49 Two major exports of the Carolinas were a. rice and Indian slaves. b. sugar and corn. c. tobacco and furs. d. black slaves and cotton. e. sugar and cotton. | back 49 A |
front 50 Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because they a. had experience working in dry, desert-like areas. b. were experienced in rice cultivation. c. were knowledgeable regarding cotton production. d. exhibited skill as soldiers. e. were skilled fishermen. | back 50 B |
front 51 The busiest seaport in the southern colonies was a. St. Augustine. b. Jamestown. c. Savannah. d. Baltimore. e. Charleston. | back 51 E |
front 52 North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they a. were very aristocratic. b. exercised no independent prerogative. c. depended on trade with Spain. d. were the two most democratic colonies. e. were founded by Roger Williams. | back 52 D |
front 53 The inhabitants of North Carolina were regarded by their neighbors as a. hostile and violent. b. too submissive to authority. c. outcasts and irreligious. d. far too friendly with Spain. e. too Catholic. | back 53 C |
front 54 The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as a. friendly. b. neutral. c. hostile. d. promoting interracial marriage. e. None of these | back 54 C |
front 55 The colony of Georgia was founded a. by a joint-stock company. b. as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas. c. by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II. d. in the seventeenth century. e. to supply New England with much-needed African slaves. | back 55 B |
front 56 Georgia's founders were determined to a. conquer Florida and add it to Britain's empire. b. create a haven for people imprisoned for debt. c. keep Georgia for Catholics. d. restrict the colony to British citizens. e. establish slavery. | back 56 B |
front 57 Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons except a. its unhealthy climate. b. early restrictions on black slavery. c. Spanish attacks. d. John Oglethorpe's leadership. e. lack of a plantation economy. | back 57 D |
front 58 The purpose of the periodic "mourning wars" was a. to avenge the deaths of Huron warriors. b. to stop the spread of European settlements. c. the result of diplomatic failures among the Indians. d. to break up the Iroquois Confederacy. e. the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees. | back 58 E |
front 59 The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was a. Powhatan. b. Handsome Lake. c. Pocahontas. d. De La Warr. e. Pontiac. | back 59 B |
front 60 Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Iroquois society? a. Two families would live together in one longhouse. b. When a man married, he moved into the home of his wife and her family. c. Women dominated Iroquois society. d. All men's connections and positions of prominence came from the maternal line. e. Five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederacy but maintained their independence. | back 60 C |
front 61 In the face of devastating diseases, war and dislocation, what strategy did dwindling Native American tribes use to survive? a. Poisoning food supplies of colonists encroaching on tribal lands b. Adding captive colonists as tribal members to increase their numbers c. Merging with other tribes d. Embracing the reservation system e. Converting to Christianity | back 61 C |
front 62 Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar in that they were all a. economically devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products, often a staple crop. b. proprietary colonies. c. founded after the restoration of Charles II to the throne. d. founded as refuges for persecuted religious sects in England. e. able to live in peace with the Native Americans. | back 62 A |
front 63 By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies a. based their economies on the production of staple crops for export. b. practiced slavery. c. provided tax support for the Church of England. d. had few large cities. e. All of these | back 63 E |
front 64 Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, and (D) Maryland. a. A, C, B, D b. B, D, C, A c. C, D, B, A d. D, C, B, A e. C, B, A, D | back 64 C |
front 65 MULTIPLE RESPONSE
a. it was Spain's ally. b. it suffered from internal religious conflict. c. the French had already established their presence overseas. d. Henry VIII did not seek to increase England's power. e. the English did not have incentives to go overseas. | back 65 AB |
front 66 Originally, the Virginia Company intended to a. find a passage through America to the Indies. b. grow rice as a cash crop. c. guarantee its settlers the same rights as other English citizens. d. realize a quick profit from its investment. e. search for gold. | back 66 ACDE |
front 67 In American history, 1619 is important because in that year a. blacks from Africa first arrived in English America. b. tobacco was first cultivated in Jamestown. c. the House of Burgesses was established for the Virginia colony. d. Jamestown was founded. e. Puritans arrived in Massachusetts Bay. | back 67 AC |
front 68 Like Virginia, Maryland a. cultivated tobacco on plantations. b. was founded as a religious refuge. c. created a high demand for labor. d. was founded by a joint-stock company. e. had a house of Burgesses. | back 68 AC |