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A&P Cumulative Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,11, 12, 13, 14, 15

front 1

Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.

back 1

True

front 2

Which of the following increases the surface area of certain epithelial tissues?

back 2

microvilli

front 3

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

back 3

Ganglia

front 4

Which ligament would one tap to generate the knee-jerk reflex?

back 4

patellar ligament

front 5

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.

back 5

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

front 6

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

back 6

suprachiasmatic nucleus

front 7

The joints indicated by the arrows in C and D are distinguished from those indicated in A and B by the presence of which of the following tissues?

back 7

fibro-cartilage

front 8

Information from balance (equilibrium) receptors goes directly to __________.

back 8

the brain stem

front 9

Connective tissues ________.

back 9

primarily consist of extracellular matrix

front 10

Which of the following is NOT a concept of the cell theory?

back 10

Cells are given life through a process known as spontaneous generation.

front 11

Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts the transport of solute molecules?

back 11

A

front 12

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________.

back 12

oligodendrocytes

front 13

What process allows for the production of molecule B from a template consisting of molecule A?

back 13

transcription

front 14

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.

back 14

False

front 15

Motion sickness seems to ________.

back 15

result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

front 16

Which of the following is NOT an autonomic nervous system (ANS) effector?

back 16

skeletal muscle

front 17

In adults, yellow marrow is located ________.

back 17

in the medullary cavity of long bones

front 18

The term diploë refers to the ________.

back 18

internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

front 19

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

back 19

motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

front 20

Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?

back 20

potassium

front 21

Arteries, veins, and lymphatics keep clots from sticking as long as their ________ is intact and healthy.

back 21

endothelium

front 22

The major role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is to regulate ________.

back 22

intracellular levels of Ca2+

front 23

An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.

back 23

True

front 24

The force of a muscle contraction is NOT affected by __________.

back 24

the amount of ATP stored in the muscle cells

front 25

Which of the following is stored in bones?

back 25

phosphate

front 26

What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection?

back 26

phagocytosis of foreign materials

front 27

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________.

back 27

stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

front 28

Functional classification of joints is based on ________.

back 28

the amount of movement allowed by the joint

front 29

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

back 29

prefrontal cortex

front 30

Phagocytosis is a form of exocytosis.

back 30

False

front 31

What are the two basic steps of polypeptide synthesis?

back 31

transcription and translation

front 32

Which structure is a type of sudoriferous gland?

back 32

C

front 33

In the figure below, which letter points to an afferent neuron?

back 33

A

front 34

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

back 34

They are the main sites of ATP production.

front 35

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

back 35

ependymal cells

front 36

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

back 36

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

front 37

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.

back 37

axon

front 38

Which statement accurately describes the event indicated by B?

back 38

Binding of acetylcholine to a receptor triggers the opening of an ion channel.

front 39

Cholesterol helps to stabilize the cell membrane while decreasing the mobility of the phospholipids.

back 39

True

front 40

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability?

back 40

amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity

front 41

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function.

back 41

True

front 42

Which lettered protein functions as a motor protein?

back 42

C

front 43

What structural classification describes this neuron?

back 43

multipolar

front 44

Which cell organelle provides the majority of the ATP needed by the cell to carry out its metabolic reactions?

back 44

mitochondrion

front 45

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

back 45

The cells will lose water and shrink.

front 46

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

back 46

Synchondroses

front 47

Bitter taste is elicited by ________.

back 47

alkaloids

front 48

Which letter is pointing to an mRNA molecule?

back 48

B

front 49

Which neuroglia are the most abundant and versatile of the glial cells?

back 49

astrocytes

front 50

During interphase of the cell life cycle, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

back 50

False

front 51

Which of the following is the conducting region of the neuron?

back 51

axon

front 52

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a ________.

back 52

centriole

front 53

Mitochondria ________.

back 53

contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

front 54

Use the figure to match the following descriptions.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 54

front 55

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

back 55

hyaline cartilage

front 56

What part of the nervous system performs information processing and integration?

back 56

central nervous system

front 57

Eye color is determined by the amount of brown pigment present in the iris.

back 57

True

front 58

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is ________.

back 58

melanoma

front 59

Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired?

back 59

multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes

front 60

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

back 60

True

front 61

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

back 61

tRNA

front 62

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

back 62

False

front 63

Peroxisomes ________.

back 63

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

front 64

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

back 64

molecular transport through the membrane

front 65

Which of the following is not a step in tissue repair?

back 65

Formation of new stem cells

front 66

The main component of the cytosol is ________.

back 66

water

front 67

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

back 67

diaphysis

front 68

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

back 68

compound fracture: the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin

front 69

Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity.

back 69

True

front 70

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

back 70

Schwann cells

front 71

Static equilibrium involves linear acceleration as well as changes in head rotation.

back 71

False

front 72

What indicates that a long bone has reached its adult length?

back 72

closure of the epiphyseal plate

front 73

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

back 73

exteroceptors

front 74

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by ________.

back 74

storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP

front 75

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________.

back 75

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

front 76

All connective tissues arise from an embryonic tissue called mesenchyme.

back 76

True

front 77

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.

back 77

True

front 78

Which protein is indicated by E?

back 78

myosin

front 79

Cardiac muscle makes most of its ATP via anaerobic pathways.

back 79

False

front 80

Which of the following allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles?

back 80

the somatic nervous system

front 81

Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired?

back 81

skeletal muscle: voluntary control

front 82

The connective tissue that covers structure A is continuous with which of the following?

back 82

tendon

front 83

Which of the following is the basic taste quality responsible for the "beef taste" of steak?

back 83

umami

front 84

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

back 84

False

front 85

The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.

back 85

True

front 86

Which of the following is the smallest structural unit in which the distinctive striated bands characteristic of skeletal muscle are observed?

back 86

D

front 87

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

back 87

The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.

front 88

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

back 88

epithelial tissue

front 89

When muscle cells break down glucose to generate ATP under oxygen deficient conditions, they will form ________.

back 89

lactic acid

front 90

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

back 90

thalamus

front 91

Broca's area ________.

back 91

is considered a motor speech area

front 92

The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.

back 92

True

front 93

During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement.

back 93

False

front 94

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

back 94

a complete loss of voluntary movement

front 95

What tissue forms the model for endochondral ossification?

back 95

cartilage

front 96

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

back 96

True

front 97

In adults, hematopoietic tissue is NOT found in ________.

back 97

the medullary cavity of long bones

front 98

The skin consists of two main regions. From deep to superficial they are the ________.

back 98

dermis and epidermis

front 99

What specific neurotransmitter is released from the axonal terminus as shown in A?

back 99

acetylcholine

front 100

Which of the following describes the neurons shown in this figure?

back 100

somatic motor neurons