Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
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- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
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Festival 5 (Digestive and Metabolism)
front 1  Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? hepatic vein | back 1 Hepatic portal vein |
front 2 The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. mucosal lining | back 2 Mesenteries |
front 3 Which of the following is not a phase of gastric secretion? gastric | back 3 Enterogastric |
front 4 Saliva does NOT __________. clean the mouth | back 4 aid in the chemical digestion of proteins |
front 5 The __________ guards the entry of food into the stomach. diaphragm | back 5 cardiac sphincter |
front 6  What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen? microvilli | back 6 Circular folds |
front 7 The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. in the walls of the tract organs | back 7 in the walls of the tract organs |
front 8  What muscle forms the labia of the mouth? zygomaticus | back 8 Orbicularis oris |
front 9 Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the __________. large intestine | back 9 Small intestine |
front 10 The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal body wall. mesentery | back 10 Parietal peritoneum |
front 11 The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli | back 11 plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli |
front 12 Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. fermentation | back 12 Catabolism |
front 13  How would you classify chewing food? ingestion | back 13 Mechanical breakdown |
front 14 Chyme is created in the ________. esophagus | back 14 Stomach |
front 15 The innermost tissue layer of the alimentary canal is the __________. serosa | back 15 Mucosa |
front 16 In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______. enteroendocrine cells | back 16 Mucous cells |
front 17 True or False: When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx. | back 17 True |
front 18 True or False: All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels. | back 18 True |
front 19 Which teeth are best suited for cutting or nipping off pieces of food in the permanent dentition? canines | back 19 Incisors |
front 20 The major means of propelling food through the digestive tract is __________. swallowing | back 20 Peristalsis |
front 21 From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa | back 21 mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa |
front 22 Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? secretin | back 22 Cholecystokinin |
front 23 The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. ingestion | back 23 Digestion |
front 24 True or False: The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body. | back 24 True |
front 25 Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells production of intrinsic factor thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells | back 25 production of intrinsic factor |
front 26 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? The stomach produces a double-layered coat of alkaline mucus. The stomach has three layers of muscle in the muscularis tunic. The stomach mucosa is folded into rugae. The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates. | back 26 The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates. |
front 27 If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. mucosa | back 27 Serosa |
front 28 There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought | back 28 before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought |
front 29 Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. goblet cells of the small intestine | back 29 Chief cells of the stomach |
front 30 What role of the stomach is essential to life? production of intrinsic factor | back 30 Production of intrinsic factor |
front 31 Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? K | back 31 B12 |
front 32  Which major process involves the elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus? mechanical breakdown | back 32 Defecation |
front 33 What is the major digestive function of the pancreas? production of digestive enzymes | back 33 Production of digestive enzymes |
front 34  How are wisdom teeth (third molars) classified? milk teeth | back 34 Permanent teeth |
front 35  Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the nerve supply of the enteric neurons that regulate digestive system activity? submucosa | back 35 Submucosa |
front 36  The mucosa collapses inward when the stomach is empty, forming large folds known as __________. cardia | back 36 rugae |
front 37  What is a major function of pancreatic juice? emulsifying fats by breaking them into smaller pieces neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach acidifying the contents of the small intestine acidifying the contents of the stomach | back 37 neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach |
front 38  Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin? chymotrypsin | back 38 Enteropeptidase |
front 39 True or False: When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx. | back 39 True |
front 40 Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? glycolysis | back 40 Glycolysis |
front 41 Which of the following food groups are considered good sources of complete proteins? corn, cottonseed oil, soy oil, and wheat germ eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish egg yolk, fish roe, and grains lima beans, kidney beans, nuts, and cereals | back 41 Eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish |
front 42 __________ is the key hormone regulator of the absorptive state. Glucagon | back 42 Insulin |
front 43 True or False: The body is able to form glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. | back 43 True |
front 44 Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? fats | back 44 Fats |
front 45 True or False: The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells. | back 45 True |
front 46 When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly________. acetyl CoA | back 46 Urea |
front 47 Glycolysis occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. mitochondria; aerobic | back 47 Cytosol; anaerobic |
front 48 True or False: The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat. | back 48 False |
front 49 True or False: Cellular respiration is an anabolic process. | back 49 False |
front 50 Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. brain | back 50 Liver |
front 51 True or False: It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body. | back 51 True |
front 52 Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? oxidative phosphorylation | back 52 Oxidative phosphorylation |
front 53 As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the ________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. spleen | back 53 Brain |
front 54 Which term describes the breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids? lipolysis | back 54 Lipolysis |
front 55 Which nutrient molecule is the pivotal fuel molecule in the oxidative pathways? glucose | back 55 Glucose |
front 56 Which of the following is NOT a pathway in the oxidation of glucose? Krebs cycle | back 56 Gluconeogenesis |
front 57 __________ are considered "bad" cholesterol; high blood levels are believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. HDLs | back 57 LDLs |
front 58 True or False : There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein. | back 58 False |
front 59 Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? vitamin A | back 59 Vitamin B |
front 60 The term metabolism is best defined as ________. the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building and breaking down molecules a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories | back 60 the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building and breaking down molecules |
front 61 Which nutrients function as coenzymes and are needed in only small amounts? electrolytes | back 61 Vitamins |
front 62 What is the primary function of cellular respiration - its end-purpose? to oxidize glucose | back 62 To generate ATP |
front 63 Which of the following would decrease body temperature? shivering | back 63 Dilation of cutaneous blood vessels |
front 64 True or False: The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing. | back 64 True |