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44 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 1

front 1

1) Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT

A) infection.

B) decomposition of organic material.

C) O2 production.

D) food production.

E) smog production.

back 1

Answer: E

front 2

2) Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT

A) yeast.

B) protozoan.

C) bacterium.

D) mushroom.

E) virus.

back 2

Answer: D

front 3

3) The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is

A) microbe.

B) bacterium.

C) virus.

D) pathogen.

E) infection.

back 3

Answer: D

front 4

4) Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of

A) riboflavin.

B) acetone.

C) insulin.

D) aspirin.

E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin.

back 4

Answer: E

front 5

5) Commercial utilization of microbial products has become increasingly popular due to their environmentally friendly nature. Production of these products which are readily degraded and, thus, non-toxic typically utilizes

A) enzymes.

B) organic acids.

C) organic solvents.

D) soap.

E) alcohol.

back 5

Answer: A

front 6

6) The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by

A) Robert Koch.

B) Ignaz Semmelweis.

C) Aristotle.

D) Carolus Linnaeus.

E) Louis Pasteur.

back 6

Answer: D

front 7

7) In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the

A) genus.

B) domain name.

C) specific name

D) kingdom.

E) family name.

back 7

Answer: C

front 8

8) A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT

A) flagella.

B) a nucleus.

C) ribosomes.

D) a cell wall.

E) a cell membrane.

back 8

Answer: B

front 9

9) Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses?

A) organelles

B) nucleic acid

C) envelope

D) chemical reactions

E) protein coat

back 9

Answer: A

front 10

The bacterial shape of the cells in the scanning electron micrograph shown in Figure 1.1 would best be described as

A) bacillus.

B) spiral.

C) coccus.

D) ovoid.

E) columnar.

back 10

Answer: A

front 11

11) Protozoan motility structures include

A) cilia.

B) flagella.

C) pseudopods.

D) cilia and pseudopods only.

E) cilia, flagella, and pseudopods.

back 11

Answer: E

front 12

12) Viruses are not considered living organisms because they

A) cannot reproduce by themselves.

B) are structurally very simple.

C) can only be visualized using an electron microscope.

D) are typically associated with disease.

E) are ubiquitous in nature.

back 12

Answer: A

front 13

13) The infectious agent that causes AIDS is a

A) virus.

B) bacterium.

C) yeast.

D) protozoan.

E) mold.

back 13

Answer: A

front 14

14) Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?

A) animalia

B) archaea

C) bacteria

D) eukarya

back 14

Answer: A

front 15

15) Classification of organisms into three domains is based on

A) the presence of a cell wall.

B) the number of cells in the organism.

C) cellular organization.

D) nutritional requirements.

E) cellular proteins.

back 15

Answer: C

front 16

16) Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea

A) have diverse cell wall compositions.

B) lack nuclei.

C) use organic compounds for food.

D) reproduce by binary fission.

E) are prokaryotic.

back 16

Answer: A

front 17

17) Who is credited with first observing cells?

A) Robert Hooke

B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

C) Robert Koch

D) Louis Pasteur

E) Carolus Linnaeus

back 17

Answer: A

front 18

18) Who is credited with first observing microorganisms?

A) Robert Hooke

B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

C) Robert Koch

D) Louis Pasteur

E) Carolus Linnaeus

back 18

Answer: B

front 19

19) Biogenesis refers to the

A) spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter.

B) development of life forms from preexisting life forms.

C) development of aseptic technique.

D) germ theory of disease.

back 19

Answer: B

front 20

20) If you were setting up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation in a liquid medium, which of the following would be essential to the experiment?

A) supplying the liquid with nutrients

B) starting with a liquid that contains microorganisms

C) adding antibiotics to the liquid

D) using a sterile liquid and eliminating exposure to microorganisms

E) adding carbon dioxide to the liquid

back 20

Answer: D

front 21

21) The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by

A) Louis Pasteur.

B) Francesco Redi.

C) Rudolf Virchow.

D) John Needham.

E) Lazzaro Spallanzani.

back 21

Answer: A

front 22

22) Regarding Louis Pasteur's experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Air exchange was involved.

B) A food source was provided.

C) The possibility of contamination was removed.

D) All preexisting microorganisms were killed.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

back 22

Answer: E

front 23

23) The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as

A) fermentation.

B) pasteurization.

C) tyndallization.

D) lyophilization.

E) alcoholism.

back 23

Answer: A

front 24

24) Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by

A) Pasteur.

B) Lister.

C) Koch.

D) Wasserman.

E) Semmelweis.

back 24

Answer: C

front 25

5) The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by

A) Lister.

B) Semmelweis.

C) Pasteur.

D) Holmes.

E) Koch.

back 25

Answer: A

front 26

26) Mycology is the study of

A) mycoplasma.

B) mushrooms.

C) protozoa.

D) molds.

E) molds, yeast, and mushrooms.

back 26

Answer: E

front 27

27) The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to

A) culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium.

B) inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal.

C) obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.

D) compare the blood of a sick animal to blood obtained from a healthy animal.

E) isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals.

back 27

Answer: C

front 28

28) In which of the following situations would Koch's postulates be utilized?

A) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission

B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab

C) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient

D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab

E) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a microbiological problem

back 28

Answer: A

front 29

29) Robert Koch identified the cause of

A) smallpox.

B) anthrax.

C) diphtheria.

D) AIDS.

E) tuberculosis.

back 29

Answer: B

front 30

30) Which physician is first associated with vaccination?

A) Ehrlich

B) Jenner

C) Lister

D) Koch

E) Escherich

back 30

Answer: B

front 31

31) Which of the following findings was essential for Edward Jenner's vaccination process?

A) Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity.

B) A weakened microorganism will not cause disease.

C) Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again.

D) Disease is caused by viruses.

E) Pathogenic microorganisms infect all humans and animals in the same manner.

back 31

Answer: A

front 32

32) Penicillin was discovered by accident by

A) Alexander Fleming.

B) Paul Ehrich.

C) Edward Jenner.

D) Robert Koch.

E) Joseph Lister.

back 32

Answer: A

front 33

33) Who was the first scientist to pursue a "magic bullet" that could be used to treat infectious disease?

A) Jenner

B) Pasteur

C) Ehrlich

D) Lister

E) Semmelweis

back 33

Answer: C

front 34

34) Fungal infections are studied by

A) virologists.

B) bacteriologists.

C) parasitologists.

D) mycologists.

E) herpetologists.

back 34

Answer: D

front 35

35) Which disease has been eliminated through the use of vaccines?

A) tuberculosis

B) measles

C) rubella

D) smallpox

E) influenza

back 35

Answer: D

front 36

36) Recombinant DNA refers to the

A) study of bacterial ribosomes.

B) study of the function of genes.

C) interaction between human and bacterial cells.

D) synthesis of proteins from genes.

E) DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism.

back 36

Answer: E

front 37

37) Molecular biology includes the study of

A) DNA synthesis.

B) RNA replication.

C) protein synthesis.

D) enzyme function.

E) how genetic information directs protein synthesis.

back 37

Answer: E

front 38

38) Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT

A) alternative fuel production.

B) bioremediation.

C) gene therapy.

D) agriculture.

E) increased number of illnesses.

back 38

Answer: E

front 39

39) The major food producers for other living organisms is/are

A) higher plants.

B) cyanobacteria.

C) algae.

D) higher plants and algae.

E) higher plants, cyanobacteria, and algae

back 39

Answer: E

front 40

40) Gene therapy is currently used to treat all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).

B) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.

C) cystic fibrosis.

D) LDL-receptor deficiency.

E) colon cancer.

back 40

Answer: E

front 41

41) Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) vaccine production.

B) enhancing food longevity.

C) synthesis of water.

D) drug production.

E) increasing the nutritional value of food.

back 41

Answer: C

front 42

42) Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations EXCEPT the

A) skin.

B) mouth.

C) colon.

D) blood.

E) upper respiratory system.

back 42

Answer: D

front 43

43) Which of the following statements about biofilms is FALSE?

A) Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics.

B) Biofilms in pipes can block the flow of water.

C) Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes.

D) Biofilms on medical devices cause infections.

E) Biofilms on rocks provide food for animal life.

back 43

Answer: A

front 44

44) Development of emerging infectious disease can be a result of all of the following EXCEPT

A) microbial mutation.

B) modern transportation.

C) use of genetically modified foods.

D) changes in the environment.

E) overuse of antibiotics.

back 44

Answer: C