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123 notecards = 31 pages (4 cards per page)

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A&P Chapter 3 Cells: The Living Units

front 1

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 1

front 2

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 2

front 3

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 3

front 4

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 4

front 5

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 5

front 6

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 6

front 7

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 7

front 8

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase?

back 8

G1, S, and G2

front 9

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis?

back 9

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

front 10

During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur?

back 10

Synthesis

front 11

During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?

back 11

prophase

front 12

Which of the following describes tight junctions?

back 12

junctions among epithelial cells lining the digestive tract

front 13

The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.

back 13

False

front 14

Which of the following forms of vesicular transport processes are used by flu viruses, diphtheria, and cholera toxins to enter our cells?

back 14

receptor-mediated endocytosis

front 15

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

back 15

The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.

front 16

Diffusion movement always occurs from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.

back 16

True

front 17

Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but not in any other cells in the body.

back 17

False

front 18

In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts.

back 18

False

front 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of peroxisomes?

back 19

They contain powerful enzymes called acid hydrolases.

front 20

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

back 20

melanin

front 21

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.

back 21

True

front 22

Some hormones enter cells via ________.

back 22

receptor-mediated endocytosis

front 23

The indicated protein interacts with DNA to form the structural unit of chromatin called a ______.

back 23

nucleosome

front 24

Which letter is pointing to an mRNA molecule?

back 24

B

front 25

Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell?

back 25

cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus

front 26

Match the following.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

back 26

front 27

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

back 27

tRNA

front 28

Cholesterol helps to stabilize the cell membrane while decreasing the mobility of the phospholipids.

back 28

True

front 29

Which of the following is characteristic of cilia?

back 29

They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells.

front 30

What type of protein is indicated by the arrow?

back 30

histone

front 31

Mitosis ________.

back 31

is division of the nucleus

front 32

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

back 32

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

front 33

The figure is of which cellular organelle?

back 33

a mitochondrion

front 34

Phagocytosis is a form of exocytosis.

back 34

False

front 35

________ is the diffusion of a solvent, such as water, across a selectively permeable membrane.

back 35

Osmosis

front 36

Lipid rafts, found in the cell outer membrane surface, are concentrating platforms for certain receptor molecules or for protein molecules needed for cell signaling.

back 36

True

front 37

What is the specific role of the enzyme indicated by B during the formation of the new DNA strands?

back 37

joining the nucleotides that form the new DNA strand

front 38

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.

back 38

UCG

front 39

Some hormones enter cells via ________.

back 39

receptor-mediated endocytosis

front 40

The nucleolus ________.

back 40

is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell

front 41

Which of the following is NOT a concept of the cell theory?

back 41

Cells are given life through a process known as spontaneous generation.

front 42

Which of the following statements correctly describes the plasma membrane?

back 42

It is a dynamic fluid structure that is in constant flux.

front 43

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

back 43

The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.

front 44

Solutions with a higher concentration of solutes than the concentration inside the cells are __________.

back 44

hypertonic

front 45

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

back 45

True

front 46

What is the function of the indicated protein?

back 46

to allow DNA to form a compact structure

front 47

What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

back 47

Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma membrane.

front 48

________ is a molecular "ferry" that brings amino acids to the ribosome to build a protein.

back 48

t-RNA

front 49

Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide; cancer cells do not undergo this process.

back 49

True

front 50

The structure indicated by B is ______.

back 50

the Golgi apparatus

front 51

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

back 51

The cells will lose water and shrink.

front 52

DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.

back 52

False

front 53

Why is the selective permeability of the plasma membrane essential for normal cell function?

back 53

Selective permeability allows cells to exclude some substances and allow others to pass into or out of the cell.

front 54

In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all cells are polarized.

back 54

True

front 55

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

back 55

telophase

front 56

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

back 56

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

front 57

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

back 57

True

front 58

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

back 58

swell and burst

front 59

The main component of the cytosol is ________.

back 59

water

front 60

Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress?

back 60

desmosomes

front 61

What must happen before a body cell can begin mitotic cell division?

back 61

Its DNA must be replicated exactly so that identical copies of the cell's genes can be passed on to each of its offspring.

front 62

What process allows for the production of molecule B from a template consisting of molecule A?

back 62

transcription

front 63

The functions of centrioles include ________.

back 63

organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

front 64

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

back 64

phagocytosis

front 65

Molecule B and molecule C are expected to interact within which of the following cellular locations?

back 65

ribosome

front 66

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

back 66

molecular transport through the membrane

front 67

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

back 67

They are the main sites of ATP production.

front 68

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a ________.

back 68

centriole

front 69

Facilitated diffusion requires a carrier or channel protein.

back 69

True

front 70

A gene can best be defined as ________.

back 70

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

front 71

What are the two basic steps of polypeptide synthesis?

back 71

transcription and translation

front 72

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

back 72

During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside.

front 73

Lysosomes perform digestive functions within a cell.

back 73

True

front 74

The plasma membrane is made primarily of ________.

back 74

phospholipids

front 75

Some hormones enter cells via ________.

back 75

receptor-mediated endocytosis

front 76

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

back 76

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

front 77

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

back 77

The cells will lose water and shrink.

front 78

In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all cells are polarized.

back 78

True

front 79

Which of the following is characteristic of cilia?

back 79

They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells.

front 80

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

back 80

They are the main sites of ATP production.

front 81

What is the specific role of the enzyme indicated by B during the formation of the new DNA strands?

back 81

joining the nucleotides that form the new DNA strand

front 82

Facilitated diffusion requires a carrier or channel protein.

back 82

True

front 83

________ is a molecular "ferry" that brings amino acids to the ribosome to build a protein.

back 83

t-RNA

front 84

Solutions with a higher concentration of solutes than the concentration inside the cells are __________.

back 84

hypertonic

front 85

What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

back 85

Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma membrane.

front 86

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

back 86

True

front 87

________ is the diffusion of a solvent, such as water, across a selectively permeable membrane.

back 87

Osmosis

front 88

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.

back 88

False

front 89

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

back 89

tRNA

front 90

During DNA replication, the covalent bonding of nucleotides into a new strand of DNA is performed by ________.

back 90

DNA polymerase

front 91

The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

back 91

True

front 92

What type of protein is indicated by the arrow?

back 92

histone

front 93

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

back 93

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

front 94

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

back 94

phagocytosis

front 95

Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts the transport of solute molecules?

back 95

A

front 96

Lysosomes perform digestive functions within a cell.

back 96

True

front 97

The nucleolus ________.

back 97

is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell

front 98

Some types of cells move freely through the body, while others are bound into tightly knit communities.

back 98

True

front 99

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.

back 99

UCG

front 100

Passive membrane transport processes include ________.

back 100

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

front 101

What is a function of the enzyme indicated by structure A?

back 101

breaking the bonds between complementary base pairs

front 102

The figure is of which cellular organelle?

back 102

a mitochondrion

front 103

DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.

back 103

False

front 104

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

back 104

molecular transport through the membrane

front 105

There is only one cell type in the human body that has a flagellum.

back 105

True

front 106

Why is the selective permeability of the plasma membrane essential for normal cell function?

back 106

Selective permeability allows cells to exclude some substances and allow others to pass into or out of the cell.

front 107

Diffusion is a form of active transport.

back 107

False

front 108

The main component of the cytosol is ________.

back 108

water

front 109

What process allows for the production of molecule B from a template consisting of molecule A?

back 109

transcription

front 110

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

back 110

The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.

front 111

A gene can best be defined as ________.

back 111

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

front 112

What are the two basic steps of polypeptide synthesis?

back 112

transcription and translation

front 113

Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress?

back 113

desmosomes

front 114

What process is indicated by C?

back 114

exocytosis of secreted proteins

front 115

The structure indicated by B is ______.

back 115

the Golgi apparatus

front 116

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

back 116

swell and burst

front 117

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

back 117

telophase

front 118

Lipid rafts, found in the cell outer membrane surface, are concentrating platforms for certain receptor molecules or for protein molecules needed for cell signaling..

back 118

True

front 119

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a ________.

back 119

centriole

front 120

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

back 120

During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside.

front 121

Which of the following statements correctly describes the plasma membrane?

back 121

It is a dynamic fluid structure that is in constant flux.

front 122

The folded membranes indicated by B are the site of ______.

back 122

enzymes involved in cellular respiration

front 123

Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

back 123

messenger RNA