front 1 which muscles are activated during forced expiration? | back 1 the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal wall muscles |
front 2 which of the following arterial blood levels is the most powerful respiratory stimulant? | back 2 rising CO2 levels |
front 3 which if the following initiate(s) inspiration? | back 3 ventral respiratory group (VRG) |
front 4 which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase respiration? | back 4 rising carbon dioxide levels |
front 5 which blood vessels supply oxygenated systemic blood to the lung tissue? | back 5 bronchial arteries |
front 6 which of these structures is/are NOT properly matched with one of its/their functions? | back 6 paranasal sinuses: surface for odor receptors |
front 7 the alveolar ducts are part of the conducting zone. T/F | back 7 false |
front 8 which of the following would NOT be helpful in identifying the left lung? | back 8 horizontal fissure |
front 9 emphysema can result in an_________. increased level of carbaminohemoglobin increased level of deoxyhemoglobin increased likelihood of the skin of Caucasians developing a slightly blue coloration | back 9 all of the listed responses are correct |
front 10 which of the following cavaties surround(s) the lung alone? | back 10 pleural cavities |
front 11 what area in the brain sets the respiratory rhythm? | back 11 ventral respiratory group (VRG) |
front 12 inspiratory neurons send information to the diaphragm via what nerve? | back 12 phrenic nerve |
front 13 what directly stimulates the central chemoreceptors, thus increasing respiraition? | back 13 H+ (hydrogen ions) |
front 14 which receptors inhibit inspiration during hyperinflation of the lungs? | back 14 pulmonary stretch receptors in joints, neural input from the motor cortex, and other factors |
front 15 a homeostatic control mechanism controls respiration. what acts as the effector(s) in this system? | back 15 respiratory muscles |
front 16 which of the following is NOT a benefit of breathing through the nose? | back 16 destruction of pathogens entering the nasopharynx |
front 17 which of the following inhibits/reduces the respiratory rate? | back 17 stimulation of stretch receptors in the lungs |
front 18 quiet inspiration is _______, and quiet expiration is _______. | back 18 an active process; a passive process |
front 19 the division between the upper and lower respiratory system is around the nasopharynx. | back 19 false |
front 20 which of the following statements about the pleurae is NOT true? | back 20 the pleurae create one continuous cavity for both lungs |
front 21 which of these structures forms a complete ring around the airway? | back 21 cricoid cartilage |
front 22 which of the following would include the loss of oxygen from the hemoglobin and the blood? | back 22 a drop in blood pH |
front 23 what type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the alveoli? | back 23 simple squamous epithelium |
front 24 what part of the larynx covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages? | back 24 epiglottis |
front 25 which of the following is/are part(s) of the respiratory zone structures? | back 25 alveoli |
front 26 which of the following modifies and smoothes the respiratory pattern? | back 26 pontine respiratory centers |
front 27 which of these cells would be most effective in the ingestion and disposal of microorganisms that may enter the alveoli? | back 27 alveolar macrophages |
front 28 which of the following regions contains the opening of a canal that equalizes pressure in the middle ear? | back 28 nasopharynx |
front 29 what is the primary form in which oxygen is carried in blood? | back 29 chemically bound to hemoglobin |
front 30 what is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? | back 30 as bicarbonate ions in the plasma |
front 31 in children with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), the walls of the alveoli cling to each other and make them difficult to inflate. it is common in babies born prematurely. what cells in these infants are NOT fully developed and are NOT doing their job? | back 31 type II alveolar cells |
front 32 what is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person? | back 32 arterial blood carbon dioxide level |
front 33 during inhalation, | back 33 the diaphragm and rib muscles contract |
front 34 from which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? | back 34 alveoli |
front 35 which statement is correct? | back 35 in the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells |
front 36 after blood becomes oxygenated, | back 36 it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells |
front 37 hemoglobin | back 37 is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen |
front 38 which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conhae | back 38 routing air and food into proper channels |
front 39 which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood? | back 39 dissolved in plasma |
front 40 which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine that increases surface area? | back 40 rugae |
front 41 what role of the stomach is essential to life? | back 41 production of intrinsic factor |
front 42 the _____ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal organs. | back 42 visceral peritoneum |
front 43 which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? | back 43 muscularis externa |
front 44 the pancreas secretes ______. | back 44 procarboxypeptidase |
front 45 which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? | back 45 small intestine |
front 46 what triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine? | back 46 the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine |
front 47 salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? | back 47 fear |
front 48 HCI secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. what cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? | back 48 chief cells |
front 49 in response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. what cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? | back 49 acinar cells |
front 50 an increase in HCI (hydrochloric acid) arriving in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCI? | back 50 secretin |
front 51 the secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? | back 51 bicarbonate - potassium-rich mucus |
front 52 which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity? | back 52 submucosa |
front 53 which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth? | back 53 segmentation |
front 54 which enzyme(s) is/are responsible for the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates? | back 54 amylases |
front 55 which of the following is the primary physiological function of the large intestine? | back 55 water absorption and feces elimination |
front 56 carbohydrates are digested into_____. | back 56 monosaccharides |
front 57 what is a major function of pancreatic juice? | back 57 neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach |
front 58 ______ and ______ are water-soluble vitamins that are absorbed in the small intestine. | back 58 B complex and C vitamins |
front 59 which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucous, acid, and digestive enzymes? | back 59 mucosa |
front 60 the ______ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system. | back 60 hepatic portal |
front 61 which of the following does NOT describe a basic regulator of digestive control? | back 61 conscious neural control |
front 62 which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food? | back 62 peristalsis |
front 63 what type of blood capillary located in this sublayer is uniquely suited for absorption of nutrient material? | back 63 fenestrated |
front 64 which of the following is NOT a function of saliva | back 64 saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins |
front 65 which chemical activated the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin? | back 65 enteropeptidase |
front 66 which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? | back 66 the stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates |
front 67 which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description? | back 67 propulsion : physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract |
front 68 bacteria that resides in the large intestine make vitamin C. | back 68 false |
front 69 which of these best describes a lacteal? | back 69 a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood |
front 70 which major process involves the removal of water from intestinal contents? | back 70 absorption |
front 71 which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine? | back 71 production of intrinsic factor |
front 72 which area of the stomach adjoins the small intestine? | back 72 pylorus |
front 73 what structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen? | back 73 circular folds |
front 74 the _____ is the first segment of the small intestine. | back 74 duodenum |
front 75 which of the following processes occurs in the stomach? | back 75 mechanical digestion |
front 76 bile is produced by the _____ under hormonal influence of _____. | back 76 liver; secretin |
front 77 most absorption of nutrients occurs in the _____. | back 77 jejunum |
front 78 which layer of the digestive tract controls digestive propulsion? | back 78 muscularis externa |
front 79 which of the following is NOT a secretin of the pancreas? | back 79 bile |
front 80 which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? | back 80 mucosa |
front 81 which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal? | back 81 serosa |
front 82 which cells in the small intestine's mucosa secrete mucus? | back 82 goblet cells |