front 1 The suprasternal, manubrial, or jugular notch all correspond to the level of: | back 1 T2-3. |
front 2 The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of: | back 2 T9-10. |
front 3 What is the primary term for the superior margin of the sternum? | back 3 Jugular notch |
front 4 At approximately what age does the xiphoid process become totally ossified? | back 4 40 years old |
front 5 Which of the following structures connects the anterior aspect of the ribs to the sternum? | back 5 Costocartilage |
front 6 The tubercle portion of a typical rib connects the anterior end of the rib to the sternum. | back 6 False |
front 7 The only bony connection between the shoulder girdle and the bony thorax is the acromioclavicular joint. | back 7 False |
front 8 The sternal angle is a palpable landmark at the level of: | back 8 T4-5. |
front 9 Which pair of ribs attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle? | back 9 Second |
front 10 In the erect adult bony thorax, the posterior portion of a typical rib is ____ higher or more superior to the anterior portion. | back 10 to 5 inches (7.5 to 13 cm) |
front 11 Which of the following ribs is considered to be a false rib? | back 11 Ninth |
front 12 Which of the following statements is true about floating ribs? | back 12 They do not possess costocartilage. |
front 13 The widest aspect of the thorax generally occurs at the level of: | back 13 the eighth or ninth ribs. |
front 14 What is the joint classification and type of movement for the sternoclavicular joints? | back 14 Synovial with diarthrodial (gliding) movement |
front 15 What is the joint classification and type of movement for the costotransverse joint? | back 15 Synovial with diarthrodial (plane) movement |
front 16 Which aspect of the rib articulates with the thoracic vertebral body? | back 16 Head |
front 17 Which ribs are considered to be true ribs? | back 17 First through seventh ribs |
front 18 The degree of rotation for the right anterior oblique (RAO) projection of the sternum is dependent on the size of the thoracic cavity. | back 18 True |
front 19 The left anterior oblique (LAO) position of the sternum provides the best frontal image of the sternum with a minimal amount of distortion | back 19 False |
front 20 Which of the following techniques is most effective in preventing lung markings from obscuring the sternum on an oblique projection? | back 20 Use an orthostatic (breathing) technique. |
front 21 Why is the RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position? | back 21 The RAO projects the sternum over the shadow of the heart. |
front 22 Which of the following statements is true about radiography of ribs located above the diaphragm? | back 22 Suspend breathing upon inspiration |
front 23 Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the left ribs? | back 23 Left posterior oblique (LPO) |
front 24 Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the right ribs? | back 24 LAO |
front 25 A right or left marker may be taped over the area of interest to indicate the location of the trauma to the ribs. | back 25 False |
front 26 A recommended practice is to decrease the SID to less than 40 inches (102 cm) for the oblique sternum projection to increase the magnification and resultant unsharpness of overlying ribs. | back 26 False |
front 27 Which of the following conditions may occur with trauma to the ribs | back 27 Hemothorax |
front 28 What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic type of patient? | back 28 20 |
front 29 Which position can replace the RAO of the sternum if the patient cannot lie prone? | back 29 LPO |
front 30 What is the recommended SID for the lateral sternum position? | back 30 60 to 72 inches (152 to 183 cm) |
front 31 Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints? | back 31 Three inches (7 cm) distal to vertebra prominens (T2-3) |
front 32 How much rotation and which oblique position are required to best demonstrate the left sternoclavicular joints? | back 32 10 to 15 LAO |
front 33 Which two projections must be taken for an injury to the right anterior upper ribs? | back 33 PA and LAO |
front 34 Which two projections must be taken for an injury to the left posterior lower ribs? | back 34 AP and LPO |
front 35 Which analog kV range is recommended for an AP study of the ribs found below the diaphragm? | back 35 70 to 80 kV |
front 36 Which disease or condition may be associated with postoperative complications of open heart surgery | back 36 Osteomyelitis |
front 37 Fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places with associated pulmonary injury is known as a(n) _____ rib fracture. | back 37 flail chest |
front 38 The radiographic appearance of the erosion of bony rib margins is a possible indication of: | back 38 Osteomyelitis. |
front 39 Which of the following conditions, if severe, requires a decrease adjustment of manual exposure factors? | back 39 a.Osteoblastic metastases b.Osteomyelitis c. Flail chest d. None of the above |
front 40 Both nuclear medicine and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) studies can be performed to evaluate metastatic rib lesions before conventional rib radiographic examination. | back 40 False |
front 41 A congenital defect characterized by anterior protrusion of the lower sternum and xiphoid process is termed: | back 41 pectus carinatum. |
front 42 Multiple myeloma is seen often in the flat bones of the bony thorax. | back 42 True |
front 43 Which condition of the sternum is often termed “funnel chest?” | back 43 Pectus excavatum |
front 44 Both bony and soft tissue anatomy may be evaluated by CT for pathology involving the sternum or the sternoclavicular joints. | back 44 True |
front 45 The condition, flail chest, is most commonly caused by: | back 45 blunt trauma. |
front 46 A radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that it is partially superimposed over the spine. What must be done to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure? | back 46 Increase rotation of the body. |
front 47 A radiograph of a lateral projection of the sternum reveals that the patient’s ribs are superimposed over the sternum. What needs to be done to correct this problem during the repeat exposure? | back 47 Ensure that the patient is not rotated. |
front 48 A radiograph of an RAO projection of the sternum demonstrates excessive lung markings obscuring the sternum. A 1-second exposure time and an orthostatic (breathing) technique were used. Which of the following will produce a more diagnostic image of the sternum? | back 48 Increase the exposure time; decrease the mA. |
front 49 A PA radiograph of the sternoclavicular (SC) joints demonstrates unequal distance from the SC joints to the midline of the spine. The left SC joint is farther from the sternum than the right. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph? | back 49 Slight right rotation (right side toward the image receptor) |
front 50 A young female patient from the emergency department (ED) is brought to radiology for rib examination. She is able to sit up or stand for the procedure. She indicates that the region of pain is to the right anterior-to-mid axillary region. Which rib projections should be performed to minimize the effective dose to this patient? | back 50 PA and LAO |
front 51 A patient enters the ED with an injury to the left anterior lower ribs. Which of the following projections should be taken to demonstrate the involved area? | back 51 PA and RAO |
front 52 An ambulatory patient enters the ED with a possible injury to the right upper posterior ribs. Which of the following routines should be taken to demonstrate the involved area? | back 52 Erect AP and RPO |
front 53 A patient enters the ED with blunt trauma to the sternum. The patient is in great pain and cannot lie prone on the table or stand erect. Which of the following routines would be best for the sternum examination in this situation? | back 53 LPO and horizontal beam lateral projections |
front 54 A patient enters the ED with trauma to the bony thorax. The initial radiographs reveal that there are fractured ribs and a possible pneumothorax of the left thorax. The physician orders a chest study to confirm the pneumothorax; however, the patient cannot stand. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the pneumothorax? | back 54 Right lateral decubitus |
front 55 Initial PA projections of the SC joints indicate a possible defect involving the left SC joint. The vertebral column is preventing a clear view of it. Which of the following projections will demonstrate the right SC joint without superimposition over the spine? | back 55 RAO |
front 56 The use of 125 kV is recommended for AP and PA projections of the ribs to reduce skin dose. | back 56 False |
front 57 What is the minimum number of ribs that must be demonstrated for a unilateral rib study above the diaphragm? | back 57 Ribs 1 through 10 |
front 58 A lateral projection of the sternum requires that respiration be suspended on expiration. | back 58 False |
front 59 A radiograph of an RAO projection of the ribs demonstrates the left axillary ribs are foreshortened, whereas the right side is elongated. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome? | back 59 An LAO was performed rather than the RAO position |
front 60 A patient with metastatic disease in the ribs comes to radiology following a nuclear medicine scan. The radiologist orders a right, upper posterior rib study performed. Which of the following positioning factors should be followed for this specific study? | back 60 a.Perform positions erect if the patient’s condition permits. c. Include the RPO position as part of the positioning routine. d. Both A and C are correct. |
front 61 Which of the following positioning considerations does NOT apply for a study of the lower ribs? | back 61 Use a digital kV range between 65 and 70 kV. |