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61 notecards = 16 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Ch.10

front 1

The suprasternal, manubrial, or jugular notch all correspond to the level of:

back 1

T2-3.

front 2

The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of:

back 2

T9-10.

front 3

What is the primary term for the superior margin of the sternum?

back 3

Jugular notch

front 4

At approximately what age does the xiphoid process become totally ossified?

back 4

40 years old

front 5

Which of the following structures connects the anterior aspect of the ribs to the sternum?

back 5

Costocartilage

front 6

The tubercle portion of a typical rib connects the anterior end of the rib to the sternum.

back 6

False

front 7

The only bony connection between the shoulder girdle and the bony thorax is the acromioclavicular joint.

back 7

False

front 8

The sternal angle is a palpable landmark at the level of:

back 8

T4-5.

front 9

Which pair of ribs attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?

back 9

Second

front 10

In the erect adult bony thorax, the posterior portion of a typical rib is ____ higher or more superior to the anterior portion.

back 10

to 5 inches (7.5 to 13 cm)

front 11

Which of the following ribs is considered to be a false rib?

back 11

Ninth

front 12

Which of the following statements is true about floating ribs?

back 12

They do not possess costocartilage.

front 13

The widest aspect of the thorax generally occurs at the level of:

back 13

the eighth or ninth ribs.

front 14

What is the joint classification and type of movement for the sternoclavicular joints?

back 14

Synovial with diarthrodial (gliding) movement

front 15

What is the joint classification and type of movement for the costotransverse joint?

back 15

Synovial with diarthrodial (plane) movement

front 16

Which aspect of the rib articulates with the thoracic vertebral body?

back 16

Head

front 17

Which ribs are considered to be true ribs?

back 17

First through seventh ribs

front 18

The degree of rotation for the right anterior oblique (RAO) projection of the sternum is dependent on the size of the thoracic cavity.

back 18

True

front 19

The left anterior oblique (LAO) position of the sternum provides the best frontal image of the sternum with a minimal amount of distortion

back 19

False

front 20

Which of the following techniques is most effective in preventing lung markings from obscuring the sternum on an oblique projection?

back 20

Use an orthostatic (breathing) technique.

front 21

Why is the RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position?

back 21

The RAO projects the sternum over the shadow of the heart.

front 22

Which of the following statements is true about radiography of ribs located above the diaphragm?

back 22

Suspend breathing upon inspiration

front 23

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the left ribs?

back 23

Left posterior oblique (LPO)

front 24

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the right ribs?

back 24

LAO

front 25

A right or left marker may be taped over the area of interest to indicate the location of the trauma to the ribs.

back 25

False

front 26

A recommended practice is to decrease the SID to less than 40 inches (102 cm) for the oblique sternum projection to increase the magnification and resultant unsharpness of overlying ribs.

back 26

False

front 27

Which of the following conditions may occur with trauma to the ribs

back 27

Hemothorax

front 28

What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic type of patient?

back 28

20

front 29

Which position can replace the RAO of the sternum if the patient cannot lie prone?

back 29

LPO

front 30

What is the recommended SID for the lateral sternum position?

back 30

60 to 72 inches (152 to 183 cm)

front 31

Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints?

back 31

Three inches (7 cm) distal to vertebra prominens (T2-3)

front 32

How much rotation and which oblique position are required to best demonstrate the left sternoclavicular joints?

back 32

10 to 15 LAO

front 33

Which two projections must be taken for an injury to the right anterior upper ribs?

back 33

PA and LAO

front 34

Which two projections must be taken for an injury to the left posterior lower ribs?

back 34

AP and LPO

front 35

Which analog kV range is recommended for an AP study of the ribs found below the diaphragm?

back 35

70 to 80 kV

front 36

Which disease or condition may be associated with postoperative complications of open heart surgery

back 36

Osteomyelitis

front 37

Fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places with associated pulmonary injury is known as a(n) _____ rib fracture.

back 37

flail chest

front 38

The radiographic appearance of the erosion of bony rib margins is a possible indication of:

back 38

Osteomyelitis.

front 39

Which of the following conditions, if severe, requires a decrease adjustment of manual exposure factors?

back 39

a.Osteoblastic metastases b.Osteomyelitis c. Flail chest d. None of the above

front 40

Both nuclear medicine and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) studies can be performed to evaluate metastatic rib lesions before conventional rib radiographic examination.

back 40

False

front 41

A congenital defect characterized by anterior protrusion of the lower sternum and xiphoid process is termed:

back 41

pectus carinatum.

front 42

Multiple myeloma is seen often in the flat bones of the bony thorax.

back 42

True

front 43

Which condition of the sternum is often termed “funnel chest?”

back 43

Pectus excavatum

front 44

Both bony and soft tissue anatomy may be evaluated by CT for pathology involving the sternum or the sternoclavicular joints.

back 44

True

front 45

The condition, flail chest, is most commonly caused by:

back 45

blunt trauma.

front 46

A radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that it is partially superimposed over the spine. What must be done to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure?

back 46

Increase rotation of the body.

front 47

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the sternum reveals that the patient’s ribs are superimposed over the sternum. What needs to be done to correct this problem during the repeat exposure?

back 47

Ensure that the patient is not rotated.

front 48

A radiograph of an RAO projection of the sternum demonstrates excessive lung markings obscuring the sternum. A 1-second exposure time and an orthostatic (breathing) technique were used. Which of the following will produce a more diagnostic image of the sternum?

back 48

Increase the exposure time; decrease the mA.

front 49

A PA radiograph of the sternoclavicular (SC) joints demonstrates unequal distance from the SC joints to the midline of the spine. The left SC joint is farther from the sternum than the right. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

back 49

Slight right rotation (right side toward the image receptor)

front 50

A young female patient from the emergency department (ED) is brought to radiology for rib examination. She is able to sit up or stand for the procedure. She indicates that the region of pain is to the right anterior-to-mid axillary region. Which rib projections should be performed to minimize the effective dose to this patient?

back 50

PA and LAO

front 51

A patient enters the ED with an injury to the left anterior lower ribs. Which of the following projections should be taken to demonstrate the involved area?

back 51

PA and RAO

front 52

An ambulatory patient enters the ED with a possible injury to the right upper posterior ribs. Which of the following routines should be taken to demonstrate the involved area?

back 52

Erect AP and RPO

front 53

A patient enters the ED with blunt trauma to the sternum. The patient is in great pain and cannot lie prone on the table or stand erect. Which of the following routines would be best for the sternum examination in this situation?

back 53

LPO and horizontal beam lateral projections

front 54

A patient enters the ED with trauma to the bony thorax. The initial radiographs reveal that there are fractured ribs and a possible pneumothorax of the left thorax. The physician orders a chest study to confirm the pneumothorax; however, the patient cannot stand. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the pneumothorax?

back 54

Right lateral decubitus

front 55

Initial PA projections of the SC joints indicate a possible defect involving the left SC joint. The vertebral column is preventing a clear view of it. Which of the following projections will demonstrate the right SC joint without superimposition over the spine?

back 55

RAO

front 56

The use of 125 kV is recommended for AP and PA projections of the ribs to reduce skin dose.

back 56

False

front 57

What is the minimum number of ribs that must be demonstrated for a unilateral rib study above the diaphragm?

back 57

Ribs 1 through 10

front 58

A lateral projection of the sternum requires that respiration be suspended on expiration.

back 58

False

front 59

A radiograph of an RAO projection of the ribs demonstrates the left axillary ribs are foreshortened, whereas the right side is elongated. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome?

back 59

An LAO was performed rather than the RAO position

front 60

A patient with metastatic disease in the ribs comes to radiology following a nuclear medicine scan. The radiologist orders a right, upper posterior rib study performed. Which of the following positioning factors should be followed for this specific study?

back 60

a.Perform positions erect if the patient’s condition permits. c. Include the RPO position as part of the positioning routine. d. Both A and C are correct.

front 61

Which of the following positioning considerations does NOT apply for a study of the lower ribs?

back 61

Use a digital kV range between 65 and 70 kV.