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Chapter 25: The Urinary System (Mastering)
front 1 Which of the following best describes glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? the volume of urine leaving the kidneys per minute the volume of blood flowing through the glomerular capillaries per minute the volume of filtrate created at the glomerulus per liter of blood flowing through the glomerular capillaries the volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute | back 1 the volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute |
front 2 GFR regulation mechanisms primarily affect which of the following? capsular osmotic pressure (OPc) blood osmotic pressure (OPg) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) | back 2 glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) |
front 3 Which of the following are mechanisms of intrinsic control of glomerular filtration (renal autoregulation)? myogenic mechanism and sympathetic nervous system control myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback tubuloglomerular feedback and the renin-angiotensin mechanism sympathetic nervous system control and the renin-angiotensin mechanism | back 3 myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback |
front 4 Macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR through which intrinsic mechanism? myogenic mechanism tubuloglomerular feedback s ympathetic nervous system control renin-angiotensin mechanism | back 4 tubuloglomerular feedback |
front 5 The myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation primarily involves smooth muscle in which blood vessels? efferent arterioles systemic arterioles glomeruli afferent arterioles | back 5 afferent arterioles |
front 6 What does a high concentration of NaCl in the renal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) most likely indicate? insufficient NaCl reabsorption due to low GFR excessive NaCl reabsorption due to low GFR excessive NaCl reabsorption due to high GFR insufficient NaCl reabsorption due to high GFR | back 6 insufficient NaCl reabsorption due to high GFR |
front 7 Through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, how would an increase in filtrate NaCl concentration affect afferent arteriole diameter? Afferent arteriole diameter would decrease. Afferent arteriole diameter would stay about the same. Afferent arteriole diameter would increase. | back 7 Afferent arteriole diameter would decrease. |
front 8 Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR indirectly through which mechanism? renin-angiotensin mechanism myogenic mechanism tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism sympathetic nervous system controls | back 8 renin-angiotensin mechanism |
front 9 The long nephron loops of the __________ | back 9 juxtamedullary |
front 10 nephrons are located in the renal ________ | back 10 medulla |
front 11 The __________ create the medullary osmotic gradient | back 11 long nephron loops |
front 12 and act as countercurrent ________ | back 12 multipliers |
front 13 The __________ preserve the medullary osmotic gradient | back 13 vasa recta |
front 14 and act as countercurrent __________. | back 14 exchangers |
front 15 The ___________ use the medullary osmotic gradient to concentrate urine. | back 15 collecting ducts |
front 16 Which of the following is NOT a property used to establish the medullary osmotic gradient? the blood flow through the ascending and descending portions of the vasa recta the descending limb's permeability to water and impermeability to salt the filtrate flow through the ascending and descending limbs of the long nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons the ascending limb's impermeability to water and permeability to salt | back 16 the blood flow through the ascending and descending portions of the vasa recta |
front 17 Art-based Question Focus your attention on the positive feedback cycle in Focus Figure 25.1. Drag and drop the labels onto the figure in the correct order of events to complete the positive feedback loop. You may use a label only once or not at all. | back 17  See Photo |
front 18 Art-based Question Long Nephron Loops: Creation of the Medullary Osmotic Gradient. Focus your attention on the long nephron loop in Focus Figure 25.1. Sort the items onto the appropriate limb of the nephron loop figures. All items must be sorted. → direction of filtrate flow → | back 18  Descending: Ascending: Both : Passive Transport Neither: H2O intro filtrate, NaCl into filtrate |
front 19 What area of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of most of the water from the filtrate as well as most nutrients? descending nephron loop proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct distal convoluted tubule | back 19 proximal convoluted tubule |
front 20 In what part of the renal tubule does parathyroid hormone (PTH) promote the reabsorption of calcium ions? descending limb of the nephron loop distal convoluted tubule (DCT) proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) collecting duct | back 20 distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
front 21 Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of __________. water sodium potassium glucose | back 21 sodium |
front 22 Upon reaching what point in the nephron is reabsorption (1) dependent upon the body's needs at the time and (2) regulated by hormones? distal convoluted tubule descending limb of the loop of Henle ascending limb of the loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule | back 22 distal convoluted tubule |
front 23 Art-based Question Art-labeling Activity: Figure 25.12d Part A Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. | back 23  See Photo |
front 24 Which of the following processes would be considered as a secretory rather than an excretory activity? feces elimination by the colon sweat removal by the skin carbon dioxide removal by the lungs aldosterone release by the adrenal glands | back 24 aldosterone release by the adrenal glands |
front 25 Art-based Question Art-labeling Activity: Figure 25.8a (2 of 2) Part A Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. | back 25  See Photo |
front 26 Art-based Question Art-labeling Activity: Figure 25.10 Part A Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. | back 26  See photo |