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Chapter 18: Cardiovascular System(Mastering)
front 1 What is the function of the coronary circulation? Provide a blood supply to the aortic arch Provide a blood supply to the heart Provide a blood supply to the pericardium Provide a blood supply to the lungs | back 1 Provide a blood supply to the heart |
front 2 What is the ligamentum arteriosum? A remnant of the ductus arteriosus A ligament attaching the aorta to the superior vena cava A ligament securing the aorta A remnant of the foramen ovale | back 2 A remnant of the ductus arteriosus |
front 3 Which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk? Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium | back 3 Right ventricle |
front 4 Identify the ear like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart. Pectinate muscles Atrium Auricle Coronary sinus | back 4 Auricle |
front 5 The first branch off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery in both the sheep and the human. True False | back 5 True |
front 6 The base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart. True False | back 6 False |
front 7 Identify the most muscular chamber. Left ventricle Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle | back 7 Left ventricle |
front 8 Name the inner lining of the heart. Endocardium Pericardium Myocardium Epicardium | back 8 Endocardium |
front 9 Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle. Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Pulmonary valve | back 9 Bicuspid (mitral) valve |
front 10 What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve? Left ventricle Left atrium Right atrium Right ventricle | back 10 Left ventricle |
front 11 Name the needle like ridges of muscle lining the ventricles. Papillary muscles Trabeculae carneae Chordae tendineae Pectinate muscles | back 11 Trabeculae carneae |
front 12 What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position? Chordae tendineae Trabeculae carneae Moderator band Papillary muscle | back 12 Chordae tendineae |
front 13 Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed. True False | back 13 True |
front 14 Name the ridged bundles of muscle found projecting inside the right atrium. Intercalated discs Trabeculae carneae Papillary muscles Pectinate muscles | back 14 Pectinate muscles |
front 15 Identify the right atrioventricular valve. Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Pulmonary valve | back 15 Tricuspid valve |
front 16 Identfiy the valve located at the exit of the right ventricle. Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve | back 16 Pulmonary semilunar valve |
front 17 The moderator band is found on both the right and left side of the heart. True False | back 17 False |
front 18 Oxygenated blood flows through the right side of the heart. False True | back 18 False |
front 19 Action potentials generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the contractile cells through what structures in the membrane? intercalated discs desmosomes gap junctions tight junctions | back 19 gap junctions |
front 20 One of the changes that occurs in the pacemaker potential (unstable resting membrane potential) in the SA node (an autorhythmic cell) is a decreased efflux of what ion? potassium sodium calcium | back 20 potassium |
front 21 When threshold is reached at the SA node (an autorhythmic cell), what channels open causing further depolarization of the membrane? fast sodium fast calcium slow calcium potassium | back 21 fast calcium |
front 22 Repolarization of an autorhythmic cell is due to the opening of which channels? voltage-gated sodium channels Chemically gated potassium channels voltage-gated potassium channels chemically gated calcium channels | back 22 voltage-gated potassium channels |
front 23 In order to cause cardiac muscle contraction, the contractile cells must also depolarize. What causes the depolarization of the contractile cells? the flow of negative ions from adjacent cells an unstable resting membrane potential in the contractile cells the flow of positive ions from adjacent cells | back 23 the flow of positive ions from adjacent cells |
front 24 Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart? SA node AV node Purkinje fibers AV bundle (bundle of His) | back 24 SA node |
front 25 What does the ECG wave tracing represent? contraction of the heart electrical activity in the heart | back 25 electrical activity in the heart |
front 26 What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing? atrial depolarization v entricular depolarization ventricular repolarization atrial repolarization | back 26 ventricular depolarization |
front 27 Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing? P wave QRS complex T wave | back 27 P wave |
front 28 Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles? Purkinje fibers SA node bundle branches AV bundle (bundle of His) AV node | back 28 AV node |
front 29 Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________. ventricular systole ventricular diastole | back 29 ventricular diastole |
front 30 Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria. Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves. | back 30 Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves. |
front 31 Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria. Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal. | back 31 Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. |
front 32 What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? higher ventricular pressure than aortic pressure equal ventricular and aortic pressures greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle | back 32 greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle |
front 33 Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction | back 33 isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation |
front 34 Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? both semilunar and AV valves AV valves only semilunar valves only | back 34 AV valves only |
front 35 Which of the following would increase cardiac output? decreased calcium during contraction parasympathetic stimulation epinephrine high blood pressure | back 35 epinephrine |
front 36 Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases stroke volume? increasing sympathetic stimulation increasing afterload increasing contractility increasing preload | back 36 increasing afterload |
front 37 Calculate the stroke volume if the end diastolic volume (EDV) is 135 mL and the end systolic volume (ESV) is 60 mL. 60 mL | back 37 75 mL |
front 38 What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells? intercalated discs chordae tendineae trabaculae carneae anastomoses | back 38 intercalated discs |
front 39 Which statement regarding cardiac muscle structure is accurate? Myofibrils of cardiac muscle tissue vary in diameter and branch extensively. Cardiac muscle cells are independent of one another both structurally and functionally. Cardiac cells are long, cylindrical, and multinucleate. Cardiac cells possess few mitochondria. | back 39 Myofibrils of cardiac muscle tissue vary in diameter and branch extensively. |
front 40 The _________ carries oxygen-poor venous blood from above the diaphragm from areas of the upper body and extremities into the right atrium. | back 40 Superior Vena Cava |
front 41 The _________ carries oxygen-poor venous blood of the coronary circulation into the right atrium. | back 41 coronary sinus |
front 42 The ________ carries oxygen-poor venous blood from below the diaphragm from the areas of the lower body and extremities into the right atrium. | back 42 inferior vena cava |
front 43 Art-based Right-Sided Anatomical Features Drag and drop the correct identification label to the box with a leader line. Answers may be used once or not at all. | back 43  See photo |
front 44 Flow through the Right Side of the Heart Assume that blood is flowing from the coronary sinus to the lung capillaries. Place the anatomical labels in order of flow in the target boxes. Not all labels are used. | back 44 Coronary Sinus > Right Atrium > Tricuspid Valve > Right Ventricle > Pulmonary Semilunar Valve > Pulmonary Trunk > Pulmonary Arteries > Capillaries of Lungs |
front 45 Part D - Oxygen-Rich Blood Returning to the Heart Drag and drop the terms to arrange them, from left to right, in order of blood flow of oxygen-rich blood into the heart. | back 45 Lungs > Lung Capillaries > Pulmonary Veins > Left Atrium > Mitral/Bicuspid Valve > Left Ventricle > Aortic/semilunar Valve > Aorta |
front 46 The structure that prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium is the _________ | back 46 mitral (bicuspid) valve |
front 47 The vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to tissues is the _______ | back 47 aorta |
front 48 The capillaries receiving blood flow from the left side of the heart are the _________ | back 48 systemic capillaries |
front 49 The structure that is located anatomically between the aorta and the left ventricle is the ___________ | back 49 aortic semilunar valve |
front 50 Art-based Question Part F - Conclusion: Valves in Blood Flow through the Heart Drag and drop valve names to their correct location in the image. | back 50  See Photo |
front 51 Sort the terms into the appropriate category of either oxygen-poor or oxygen-rich. | back 51 Oxygen Poor: Superior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Arteries Oxygen Rich: Aorta, Left Ventricle, Left Atrium Pulmonary Veins |
front 52 Select the correct partial path. This path is part of the complete blood flow pathway. You should be able to trace flow starting in any location. pulmonary artery into left atrium through mitral valve to left ventricle systemic veins returning to the left atrium and forward through the mitral valve pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to pulmonary capillaries to pulmonary veins returning to the right atrium aorta to smaller systemic arteries to systemic capillaries to systemic veins to right atrium through the tricuspid valve | back 52 aorta to smaller systemic arteries to systemic capillaries to systemic veins to right atrium through the tricuspid valve |