front 1 As a percentage of daily energy intake, what is the recommended range for the essential fatty acids? | back 1 5.6 to about 11 |
front 2 What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain? | back 2 Denaturation |
front 3 What is the simplest 18-carbon fatty acid? | back 3 Steric acid |
front 4 What digestive enzyme would be most affected in people who are unable to produce hydrochloric acid? | back 4 Pepsin |
front 5 According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum daily intake of cholesterol on a 2500-kcalorie diet? | back 5 300mg |
front 6 After digestion of proteins, what products are absorbed into the circulation? | back 6 Free Amino Acids |
front 7 What part of the gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of dietary fat hydrolysis? | back 7 Small intestine |
front 8 Lillie has been losing weight by following a very-low-carbohydrate diet for 2 months. Her primary care physician just diagnosed ketosis through a urine sample. Which of the following symptoms would be another way the physician might have suspected ketosis in Lillie? | back 8 fruity breath |
front 9 What is the relationship between body proteins and water? | back 9 Protein attract water |
front 10 In general, the protein quality in grains would be most improved by the addition of a plant protein rich in | back 10 Lysine |
front 11 How soon would death occur from starvation if the body was unable to shift to a state of ketosis? | back 11 3 weeks |
front 12 What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein? | back 12 The order of amino acids in peptide chains |
front 13 In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains | back 13 Less lipids |
front 14 Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the complete oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid? | back 14 129 ATP |
front 15 In comparison to the well-defined structure of starch, which of the following is the most important factor that allows for the synthesis of thousands of different proteins? | back 15 The number of different Amino Acids |
front 16 Ronnie eats a fairly balanced diet, but wants to include a good source of omega-3 fats. Which of the following should be your recommendation? | back 16 Fish |
front 17 When consumed regularly, which of the following fatty acids helps prevent the formation of blood clots? | back 17 omega 3s = Docosahexanoic (DHA) Omega 6s = EPA |
front 18 After the first day or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted in the body? | back 18 Glycogen |
front 19 Approximately how many weeks can the body remain alive after a person begins fasting? | back 19 8 weeks |
front 20 For most adults, what is the recommended minimum amount of fat that should be consumed, as a percentage of total energy intake? | back 20 20% min. |
front 21 What is the most likely explanation for the fatty liver that develops from protein deficiency? | back 21 Lipoprotein for fat export |
front 22 According to the DRI, what is the upper limit of fat (g) that may be consumed by a healthy person requiring 3000 kcalories per day? | back 22 117 grams |
front 23 The hydrolysis of ATP that often occurs simultaneously with the synthesis of many compounds is an example of | back 23 Coupled reactions |
front 24 In the average healthy person, about how much time is required by the liver to process the alcohol in a typical drink? | back 24 1 hour |
front 25 If a person consumes 65 grams of protein and a total of 2700 kcalories per day, approximately what percentage of energy would be derived from protein? | back 25 10% |
front 26 Your roommate Bob has just come back from the doctor where he was subjected to a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor provided him with dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following results is consistent with the diagnosis? | back 26 High LDL ( Bad) Low HDL (good) |
front 27 When a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue and a burning pain in the muscles, the response of the muscles is to synthesize more | back 27 Lactic Acid |
front 28 Protein-hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as | back 28 Protese |
front 29 A meal providing 1200 kcalories contains 10 g of saturated fats, 14 g of monounsaturated fats, and 20 g of polyunsaturated fats. What is the percentage of energy supplied by the lipids? | back 29 33% |
front 30 What amino acid has been linked to the development of the rare blood disorder eosinophilia myalgia in people who took it as a supplement? | back 30 Tryptophan |
front 31 In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates? | back 31 ATP, water, Co2 |
front 32 The number of ATP molecules that can be produced from a molecule of protein, fat, or carbohydrate is generally related to the number of atoms of | back 32 Hydrogen Atoms |
front 33 Which of the following is a feature of homocysteine? | back 33 Increase risk for heart disease |
front 34 In relation to the range of protein intake as a percentage of energy intake, what would be the highest safe level of protein intake for a 60- kg adult ingesting 2500 kcalories? | back 34 10-20% |
front 35 Which of the following is related to the quality of a food protein? | back 35 essential amino acid content |
front 36 The disease phenylketonuria is related chiefly to abnormal metabolism of | back 36 Phenylalanine |
front 37 What is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease caused by chronic alcohol toxicity? | back 37 Fatty liver fibrosis cirrhosis |
front 38 Oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from | back 38 CIS to transfats |
front 39 An omega-3 fatty acid has its first double bond on the | back 39 3rd carbon atom |
front 40 Jim, a college baseball player, tells you that he has started to take glutamine supplements. How would you advise him? | back 40 No benefit |
front 41 What is the major source of "good" cholesterol? | back 41 Endoenous |
front 42 What is the percent digestibility of most animal proteins? | back 42 90 to 99% |
front 43 Production of excessive amounts of acetyl CoA molecules leads to the synthesis of | back 43 Fatty Acids |
front 44 Of the total amount of carbohydrate energy consumed by the body, approximately what percentage is used by the brain and nerve cells? | back 44 50% |
front 45 Which of the following would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16 g of food nitrogen and lost 19 g of nitrogen? | back 45 Negative loss ( lost more than what was ingested) |
front 46 What is the fate of excess dietary protein? | back 46 Degrade and store as fat |
front 47 What amino acid is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin? | back 47 Tryptophan |
front 48 What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine? | back 48 Tyrosine |
front 49 The conditions known as acidosis and alkalosis refer to a disruption of the body s | back 49 PH |
front 50 A person with fruity odor on the breath demonstrates evidence of metabolic | back 50 Ketosis |
front 51 Your college dormitory roommate, James, told you that he had anemia for quite some time and that it s from having abnormally-shaped hemoglobin. What type of anemia does James have? | back 51 Sicle cell anemia |
front 52 Of the following sources of amino acids, which would be best absorbed in normal, healthy people? | back 52 whole proteins |
front 53 Aspirin works to reduce the symptoms of infection or pain by retarding the synthesis of | back 53 Eicosanoids |
front 54 What protein is intimately involved in the formation of scar tissue in wound healing? | back 54 Collgen |
front 55 The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of | back 55 Lactate to glucose |
front 56 What is a "limiting" amino acid in a protein? | back 56 essential amino acid present and insufficient amount to make protein |
front 57 Approximately how many molecules of ATP are generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose? | back 57 32 ATP |
front 58 Chylomicrons are synthesized within the | back 58 Intestinal cells |
front 59 Bile is known to assist in the absorption of | back 59 Fats |
front 60 A lacto-ovo vegetarian wishing to ensure a liberal intake of linolenic acid should consume | back 60 nuts, seeds |
front 61 Which of the following describes a recognized relationship between dietary fat and cancer? | back 61 High saturated fats |
front 62 Approximately what percentage of children worldwide have protein-energy malnutrition? | back 62 25% |
front 63 Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins? | back 63 20 |
front 64 Jake is getting ready for spring training and is sitting down to a dinner of half a chicken, a rib-eye steak, black beans, and 5 slices of bacon. He has been eating typical dinners like this for about a month and has since gained 7 pounds, while exercising only briefly. When Jake asks why he doesn t see an increase in his biceps or abs, the proper response should be | back 64 Dietary protein alone does not contribute to muscle increase |
front 65 What is the most likely reason for a person to have abnormally high blood ammonia levels? | back 65 liver not functioning properly |
front 66 Which of the following can not be formed from pyruvate in human beings? | back 66 Fatty acids |
front 67 At what point is oxygen used in the electron transport chain? | back 67 At the end |
front 68 A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a | back 68 Triglyceride |
front 69 Approximately what percentage of the body s energy expenditure is furnished by amino acids? | back 69 10- 20% |
front 70 Tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between cells is known as | back 70 Edema |
front 71 The body s need for water increases on a diet high in | back 71 Protein |
front 72 Jason is 35 years old and was recently diagnosed with 2 failing kidneys. He was advised to decrease the amount protein he consumes. If Jason cheats by eating an unce steak for dinner tonight, shortly thereafter there would most likely be an increase in the urea levels of his | back 72 blood |
front 73 What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells? | back 73 ATP |
front 74 How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level? | back 74 Enhance the excretion of bile |
front 75 What nutrient is used to form ketones? | back 75 fat |
front 76 Excessive amounts of homocysteine in the blood are thought to increase the risk for | back 76 heart disease |
front 77 The study of how environmental factors influence the expression of genes without altering the DNA is known as | back 77 Epigenetics |
front 78 Your cousin Wanda was born with a genetic defect affecting her digestion, namely, a lack of intestinal villus tripeptidases and dipeptidases. Which of the following digestive processes would not take place? | back 78 can not break down peptides to amino acids |
front 79 Approximately how many grams of fat would be contained in an 800-kcalorie meal that provides 50% of the energy from carbohydrate, 20% from protein, and the remainder from fat? | back 79 no data |
front 80 Which of the following is a common dietary saturated fatty acid? | back 80 Steric |
front 81 In comparison to the composition of carbohydrates and fats, which element found in proteins makes them unique? | back 81 Nitrogen |
front 82 In the process of fat hydrogenation, hydrogen atoms are added to which part of the molecule? | back 82 Carbon |
front 83 Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the body s higher metabolic efficiency of converting a molecule of corn oil into stored fat compared with a molecule of sucrose? | back 83 fewer metabolic reactions |
front 84 Why does the FDA advise against consumption of certain fish such as swordfish and shark by women of childbearing age? | back 84 high mercury |
front 85 Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of | back 85 Double bonds |