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Human Anatomy and Physiology II Final Exam

front 1

A karyotype is a complete:

back 1

diploid complement display of homologous chromosome pairs.

front 2

The most common form of fetal testing is:

back 2

amniocentesis.

front 3

Muscle tissue is formed by the ________.

back 3

mesoderm

front 4

Humans have ____ pairs of chromosomes

back 4

23

front 5

The process by which the three primary germ layers form is known as _______.

back 5

gastrulation

front 6

Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy?

back 6

corpus luteum

front 7

Which sequence shows the correct order of the stages of labor?

back 7

Dilation, expulsion, placental

front 8

Ovulation in a typical, or "average," cycle usually occurs on day:

back 8

14

front 9

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the:

back 9

Ovary

front 10

Which factor below is NOT considered to be a teratogen?

back 10

Oxygen

front 11

Which male structure is homologous to the female's clitoris?

back 11

Penis

front 12

At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled?

back 12

placental

front 13

Which of the following disorders is NOT inherited as simple recessive traits?

back 13

Down syndrome

front 14

Which process listed below separates linked genes during meiosis?

back 14

Chiasma, or crossing over

front 15

An implantation that takes place in a site other than the uterus is called:

back 15

ectopic.

front 16

The usual site of fertilization is the:

back 16

uterine tube.

front 17

The uterine layer shed with each monthly cycle is the:

back 17

functional layer of endometrium.

front 18

What is the probability of having a child with a recessive trait if both parents are heterozygous for the trait?

back 18

25%

front 19

The hormone that induces labor and controls labor via a positive feedback mechanism is:

back 19

Oxytocin

front 20

The first major event of organogenesis is:

back 20

Neurulation

front 21

All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the ________.

back 21

development of testes as opposed to ovaries

front 22

Which of the following is a newborn's source of energy for the first few days?

back 22

Fat

front 23

During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered?

back 23

Expulsion Stage

front 24

Which of the following structures makes up most of the male urethral length?

back 24

Spongy urethra

front 25

Extrachromosomal inheritance involves genes passed on by the mother's:

back 25

mitochondria.

front 26

Heterozygous individuals that can pass on recessive, abnormal conditions are referred to as:

back 26

Carriers

front 27

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers:

back 27

Ovulation

front 28

The muscular wall of the uterus is called the:

back 28

Myometrium

front 29

What hormone is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics found in women?

back 29

Estrogen

front 30

A change in the genetic structure of a gene is called:

back 30

Mutation

front 31

The reason why the testes are suspended in the scrotum is:

back 31

to provide for a cooler temperature.

front 32

Implantation involves ________.

back 32

embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall

front 33

A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique. This is due to ________.

back 33

independent assortment and random crossover

front 34

Cells on the dorsal surface of the two-layered embryonic disc migrate to form a raised groove known as the ________.

back 34

Primitive Streak

front 35

Alternative forms of genes are called:

back 35

Alleles

front 36

Sex chromosomes of a normal male are ________.

back 36

XY

front 37

The outermost embryonic membrane is the:

back 37

Chorion

front 38

A person without a Y chromosome will:

back 38

always show female characteristics.

front 39

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?

back 39

The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.

front 40

The appearance of freckles is considered:

back 40

The Phenotype

front 41

If a male inherits a sex-linked gene for color blindness:

back 41

it will always be expressed.

front 42

Sperm are produced in the:

back 42

seminiferous tubules.

front 43

The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at ________.

back 43

Gastrulation

front 44

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.

back 44

they have the same number of chromosomes

front 45

A person who inherits the A and the O blood type alleles will possess which blood type?

back 45

A

front 46

Neural tissue is formed by the ________.

back 46

Ectoderm

front 47

Which hormone produced by the placenta causes the mother's pubic symphysis to loosen and widen?

back 47

Relaxin

front 48

The sperm's acrosome:

back 48

contains enzymes.

front 49

After fertilization the zygote goes through a rapid period of cell divisions called:

back 49

Cleavage

front 50

Prolactin causes:

back 50

milk production by the breast tissue.

front 51

Males tend to inherit more sex-linked conditions because:

back 51

there is no corresponding allele on their Y chromosomes.

front 52

Which is the most correct sequence of sperm flow in the male duct system?

back 52

Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, urethra

front 53

Characteristics of the mature sperm include the ________.

back 53

presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm

front 54

Genetic variation is NOT enhanced through:

back 54

Mitosis

front 55

Amy's hand was exposed to X rays. A gene in a skin cell of her hand mutated. This mutant gene will ________.

back 55

replicate itself when the cell divides but will not be passed on to Amy's offspring

front 56

Given the information in Figure 29.1, what would be the genotype of the offspring designated by the blank square?

back 56

gg