front 1 Goblet cells are found in this type of epithelium | back 1 simple columnar |
front 2 Glands that secrete by rupture of cells are classified as _____ | back 2 holocrine |
front 3 An epithelial tissue has four layers of cells. The apical layer is flat, and the cells of the basal layer are taller than they are wide. The epithelial tissue would be classified as ____ | back 3 Stratified squamous |
front 4 Calcium salts are found in which connective tissue? | back 4 bone |
front 5 This is the most widespread connective tissue and serves as a univeral packing material between other tissues | back 5 areolar |
front 6 Which cells typically cluster along blood vessels and detect foreign microorganisms? | back 6 Mast cells |
front 7 Which type of muscle is voluntary? | back 7 Skeletal |
front 8 Multinucleated cells predominate in which muscle tissue? | back 8 skeletal |
front 9 The two contractile proteins found in muscle cells are | back 9 actin and myosin |
front 10 Muscle tissue can be described as | back 10 vasular and innervated |
front 11 intercalated discs are a unique feature of which muscle tissue | back 11 cardiac |
front 12 Membranes that line open body cavities are classifed as | back 12 mucous |
front 13 Body membranes are usually composed of which two tissues? | back 13 Epithelial and connective |
front 14 During organization of tissue repair, a blood clot is replaced by ____ | back 14 granulation tissue |
front 15 Of the four major types of tissues, which type forms boundaries between different environments? | back 15 epithelial |
front 16 What would a structure that has three ducts and flasklike sacs be termed? | back 16 compound alveolar |
front 17 Of the four major tissue types, which type is avascular? | back 17 Epithelial |
front 18 Stroma consists of what specific tissue type? | back 18 Reticular connective tissue |
front 19 The walls of large arteries and walls of the bronchial tubes contain which kind of cartilage? | back 19 Elastic |
front 20 Chemotherapy destroys cells in mitosis. Which type of tissue would be most affected by chemotherapy? | back 20 Epithelial |
front 21 Why are histological sections stained? | back 21 To enhance contrast |
front 22 T or F Polarity is a property of all normal epithelial tissues. | back 22 True |
front 23 The role of microvilli is to ____ | back 23 increase surface area |
front 24 T or F Epithelial tissues are innervated and usually vascularized | back 24 False |
front 25 Function: Stratified squamous | back 25 protection from wear and tear |
front 26 Function: Simple squamous | back 26 filtration and diffusion |
front 27 Function: Simple cuboidal | back 27 Secretion and absorption |
front 28 Function: Transitional | back 28 Stretching |
front 29 You observe a tissue that has cells of varying heights. At first glance, it appears that they tissue has multiple cell layers, but upon closer investigation you see that all of the cells attach to the same basement membrane. What classification would you give this epithelial tissue? | back 29 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
front 30 What is the role of an exocrine gland? | back 30 To secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities |
front 31 You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be? | back 31 A compound alveolar exocrine gland |
front 32 A sebaceous (oil) gland of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be ____ | back 32 a holocrine gland. |
front 33 ____ are important unicellular exocrine glands. | back 33 Goblet cells |
front 34 Function: Osteoblasts | back 34 bone formation (osteoblasts are bone forming cells that secrete new extracellular matrix) |
front 35 Function: Hematopoietic stem cells | back 35 blood cell formation (Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets depending on body needs.) |
front 36 Function: Chondroblasts | back 36 formation of cartilage (Chondroblasts give rise to cartilage tissue) |
front 37 Function: Fibroblasts | back 37 Formation of connective tissue proper |
front 38 Function: White blood cells | back 38 body's defense system |
front 39 The best classification of adipose tissue is ____ | back 39 a loose connective tissue |
front 40 T or F All connective tissue is derived from a common embryonic tissue called mesenchyme. | back 40 True |
front 41 Neurons are cells that are involved in ____ | back 41 responding to stimuli |
front 42 Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated discs and is involuntarily controlled? | back 42 Cardiac muscle |
front 43 The skin is a ____ membrane | back 43 cutaneous |
front 44 All of the body's organs are derived from three primary germ layers. Which of the primary germ layers can produce epithelial tissues? | back 44 Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm can all give rise to epithelial tissues |
front 45 During the process of tissue repair, which process produces scar tissue? | back 45 Fibrosis (During the process of tissue repair, fibrosis involves the proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue.) |
front 46 Embryonic ectoderm develops into which major tissue types? | back 46 epithelial tissue and nervous tissue (Nervous tissue develops solely from embryonic ectoderm, while epithelial tissues develop from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm embryonic tissue) |
front 47 What type of tissue forms tendons? | back 47 dense regular connective tissue |
front 48 The basement membrane is located between which tissue types? | back 48 Epithelial and connective tissue (Epithelial tissue secretes the superficial basal lamina region of the basement membrane, whereas connective tissue produces the deeper reticular layer of the basement membrane.) |
front 49 Which type of epithelial tissue line the interior of blood vessels? | back 49 Simple squamous endothelium |
front 50 ____ is a unicellular gland associated with mucus production. | back 50 Goblet cell (Goblet cells, located between columnar epithelial cells, function in producing the protein mucin, which, when combined with water, forms mucus. |
front 51 Which apical epithelial cell structure functions in the movement of materials across the surface of the cell? | back 51 Cilia (The cilia bend and move in coordinated waves, pushing mucus and other substances over the epithelial surface.) |
front 52 What description best describes a squamous-shaped cell? | back 52 a flattened, scale-like cell |
front 53 Which epithelial tissue type is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membrane? | back 53 simple squamous (Simple squamous epithelial tissue, composed of a single layer of flattened cells, occurs wherever small molecules must past through a membrane quickly.) |
front 54 All connective tissues share what features in common? | back 54 All connective tissues have a common, mesenchymal origin and secrete ground substance. |
front 55 Which tissue lines the majority of the digestive tract, from stomach to rectum? | back 55 Simple columnar epithelial tissue lines most of the digestive tract, from the stomach to the rectum. |
front 56 Which type of epithelial tissue provides the greatest amount of protection from rubbing, wear, and tear? | back 56 Stratified squamous (Stratified squamous is the thickest form of epithelial tissue and is composed of multiple layers of flat cells.) |
front 57 Transitional epithelium can be found in which body system? | back 57 Urinary (Transitional epithelium forms the lining of hollow urinary organs, which stretch as they fill with urine.) |
front 58 Which fiber is the strongest, with the greatest tensile strength due to cross-linked fibrils? | back 58 Collagen (The cross-linked fibrils of collagen fibers make them the strong fibers with the greatest tensile strength.) |
front 59 Mucous that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell? | back 59 Simple columnar (Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells) |
front 60 What type of connective tissue provides support and protection for body structures and is a site for synthesizing blood and fat storage? | back 60 osseous tissue (Because of its rocklike hardness, bone has an exceptional ability to support and protect body structures.) |
front 61 What body tissue controls and regulates body functions? | back 61 Nervous tissue (Nervous tissue sends electrical signals to control the body.) |
front 62 Which tissue is found on the surface of the skin? | back 62 Stratified squamous epithelium |
front 63 Which cells secrete the ground substance of cartilage? | back 63 Chondroblasts |
front 64 Microvilli are found on the ____ surface of epithelial cells. | back 64 apical (Microvilli are present on the free surface of the cell, which is the apical surface.) |
front 65 Which type of muscle cell is unstriated, unbranched, involuntary, spindle-shaped, and found in the walls of most hollow organs? | back 65 Smooth |
front 66 The presence of keratin in integument provides a tough protective characteristic to ____ | back 66 stratified squamous epithelium (The stratified squamous epithelium, which forms the epidermis, contains keratin that allows it to be a tough protective cover for the body.) |
front 67 Which exocrine gland stores its secretions until the gland ruptures? | back 67 a holocrine gland |
front 68 Connective tissue arises from which embryonic tissue? | back 68 Mesoderm |
front 69 Which individuals have the greatest concentration of brown fat? | back 69 young infants (Brown fat is found in young infants, who lack the ability to produce body heat by shivering.) |
front 70 A flat sheetlike tendon that connects muscle to bone is known as | back 70 an aponeurosis |
front 71 A multicellular gland with round secretory cells and branching ducts is described as | back 71 compound, alveolar, and exocrine. (Multicellular exocrine glands with round secretory cells are alveolar, and if the ducts are branched, they are considered compound.) |
front 72 The stroma of most lymphoid organs is composed of | back 72 reticular connective tissue. |
front 73 What is the purpose of fixing tissue for microscopic viewing? | back 73 Fixing tissues preserves it and prevents it from deteriorating. |
front 74 What types of stains are used to stain tissues to be viewed with an electron microscope? | back 74 Heavy metal salts are used to stain tissues viewed by electron microscopes. |
front 75 Epithelial tissue is the only tissue type that has polarity, that is, an apical and a basal surface. Why is this important? | back 75 Epithelial tissue lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface; thus polarity with one free (apical) surface is a requirement. |
front 76 Which gland type--merocrine or holocrine-- would you expect to have the highest rate of cell division? Why? | back 76 Holocrine glands have the highest rate of cell division. The secretory cells fragment and are lost in the secretion; thus the secretory cells must be continuously replaced. |
front 77 Stratified epithelia are "built" for protection or to resist abrasion. What are the simple epithelia better at? | back 77 Simple epithelia are "built" to provide for efficient absorption and filtration across their thin epithelial barriers. |
front 78 Some epithelia are pesudostratified. What does this mean? | back 78 Pseudostratified epithelia appear to be stratified because their cells' nuclei lie at different distances from the basement membrane. However, all cells rest on the basement membrane. |
front 79 Where is transitional epithelium found and what is its importance at those sites? | back 79 Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and other hollow urinary organs. The ability of this epithelium to thin allows the urinary organs to handle (store or transport) a larger urine volume when necessary. |
front 80 What are four functions of connective tissue? | back 80 Connective tissue functions to bind, support, protect, and insulate body organs. In addition, blood acts to transport substances throughout the body. |
front 81 What are the three types of fibers found in connective tissues? | back 81 Reticular, collagen, and elastic fibers are found in the various connective tissues. |
front 82 Which connective tissue has a soft weblike matrix capable of serving as a fluid reservoir? | back 82 Areolar connective tissue, because of its loose weblike nature, is capable of serving as a fluid reservoir. |
front 83 What type of connective tissue is damaged when you cut your index finger tendon? | back 83 Dense regular connective tissue is damaged when you lacerate a tendon. |
front 84 It has been observed that aging cartilage tends to calcify or ossify and its cells die. What survival needs are not being met in these cells and why is this so? | back 84 Oxygen and nutrient needs are not being met because the calcified cartilage matrix is too hard to allow them to reach the cells by diffusion. Remember, cartilage is avascular. |
front 85 You are looking at muscle tissue through the microscope and you see striped branching cells that connect with one another. What type of muscle are you viewing? | back 85 Cardiac muscle cells have striations and are branching cells. |
front 86 Which muscle type(s) is voluntary? Which is injured when you pull a muscle exercising? | back 86 Skeletal muscle tissue is voluntary and is the muscle tissue injured when you "pull a muscle" while exercising. |
front 87 How does the extended length of a neuron's processes aid its function in the body? | back 87 With extended processes, a neuron can conduct electrical signals a great distance within the body. |
front 88 What type of membrane consists of epithelium and connective tissue, and lines body cavities to the exterior? | back 88 A mucous membrane consistes of both connective tissue and epithelium. It lines body cavities open to the exterior. |
front 89 What type of membrane lines the thoracic walls and covers the lungs, and what is it called? | back 89 The serous membranes called pleurae line the thorax walls and cover the lungs. |
front 90 The two layers of serous membranes are held together by serous fluid, which is largely water. Which of the properties of water (Chapter 2) makes these layers "stick" together? | back 90 Water's high surface tension (due to its hydrogen bonds) makes the layers of serous membrane stick together. |
front 91 What are the three main steps of tissue repair? | back 91 The three main steps of tissue repair are inflammation, organization, and regeneration and fibrosis (which is a permanent repair). |
front 92 Why does a deep injury to the skin result in abundant scar tissue? | back 92 More sever injuries damage and destroy more tissue, requiring greater replacement with scar tissue. |
front 93 Tissue category: Tissue type composed largely of nonliving extracellular matrix; important in protection and support | back 93 connective tissue |
front 94 Tissue category: The tissue immediately responsible for body movement | back 94 muscle |
front 95 Tissue category: The tissue that enables us to be aware of the external environment and to react to it | back 95 nervous tissue |
front 96 Tissue category: The tissue that lines body cavities and covers surfaces | back 96 epithelium |
front 97 An epithelium that has several layers with an apical layer of flattened cells, is called | back 97 stratified squamous |
front 98 Lines most of the digestive tract: | back 98 simple columnar |
front 99 Lines the esophagus: | back 99 stratified squamous |
front 100 Lines much of the respiratory tract: | back 100 pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
front 101 Forms the walls of the air sacs of the lungs: | back 101 simple squamous |
front 102 Found in urinary tract organs: | back 102 transitional |
front 103 Endothelium and mesothelium: | back 103 simple squamous |
front 104 The gland type that secretes products such as milk, saliva, bile, or sweat through a duct is | back 104 an exocrine gland |
front 105 the membrane which lines body cavities that open to the exterior is | back 105 mucous membrane |
front 106 Scar tissue is a variety of | back 106 connective tissue |