Print Microbiology Chapter 6 flashcards - Easy Notecards

Print Options

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing

Print the notecards
Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together

To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

24 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Microbiology Chapter 6

front 1 Microbial Growth refers to	back 1 Increase in number of cells, not cell size. Populations colonies
front 2 The requirements for growth * Physical requirements (there are 3)	back 2 1. Temperature 2. pH 3. Osmotic pressure
front 3 The requirements for growth * Chemical Requirements (there are 5)	back 3 1. Carbon 2. Nitrogen, sulfur & phosphorous 3. Trace elements 4. Oxygen 5. Organic growth factor
front 4 Physical Requirements	back 4 Temperature * MINIMUM growth temp * OPTIMUM growth temp * MAXIMUM growth temp

front 5 Psychrotrophs	back 5 * Grow between 0°C & 20-30°C * Cause food spoilage
front 6 Food preservation temperatures What temperatures is the danger zone?	back 6 Between 20°C to 50°C * Rapid growth of bactera; some may produce toxins.
front 7 pH Most bacteria grow between pH	back 7 6.5 & 7.5
front 8 pH Molds and yeasts grow between pH	back 8 5 & 6

front 9 pH Acidophile grow in _____ environments	back 9 acidic
front 10 Osmotic Pressure Hypertonic environments, or an increase in salt or sugar, cause	back 10 Plasmolysis
front 11 Osmotic Pressure _____ or ______ require high osmotic pressure	back 11 Extreme / obligate halophiles
front 12 Obligate →	back 12 requires

front 13 Facultative →	back 13 tolerate
front 14 Osmotic Pressure _______ tolerate high osmotic pressure	back 14 Facultative halophiles *(notice the word tolerate in the question)
front 15 Chemical Requirements Carbon	back 15 * Structural organic molecules, energy source * Chemoheterothrophs use organic carbon sources * Autotrophs use CO2
front 16 Chemical Requirements Nitrogen	back 16 * In amino acids & proteins * Most bacteria decompose proteins * Some bacteria use NH4+ or NO-3 (ammonia / Nitrates) * A few bacteria use N2 in NITROGEN FIXATION

front 17 Chemical Requirements Sulfur	back 17 * In amino acids, thiamine, & biotin * Most bacteria decompose proteins * Some bacteria use SO2-4 or H2S
front 18 Chemical Requirements Phosphorus	back 18 * In DNA, RNA, ATP & membranes * PO3-4 is a source of phosphorus
front 19 Chemical Requirements Trace elements	back 19 * Inorganic elements required in small amounts * Usually as enzyme cofactors
front 20 The effect of Oxygen on the growth of various types of bacteria Obilgate Aerobes	back 20 * Only aerobic growth; oxygen required. * Growth occurs on where high concentration of oxygen have diffused into the medium. example: 1st tube at the left

front 21 The effect of Oxygen on the growth of various types of bacteria Facultative Anaerobes	back 21 Both aerobic & anaerobic growth; greater growth in presence of oxygen. Growth is best where most oxygen is present, but occurs through out tube. example: 2nd tube from left
front 22 The effect of Oxygen on the growth of various types of bacteria Obilgate Anaerobes	back 22 * Only anaerobic growth ceases in presence of oxygen. * Growth occurs only where there is no oxygen (bacteria clumped at bottom of tube)
front 23 The effect of Oxygen on the growth of various types of bacteria Aerotolerant Anaerobes	back 23 Only anaerobic growth, but continues in presence of energy. Growth occurs evenly; oxygen has no effect example: 2nd to the last tube on right
front 24 The effect of Oxygen on the growth of various types of bacteria Microaerophiles	back 24 Only aerobic growth; oxygen required in low concentration. Growth occurs only where a low concentration of oxygen has diffused into medium. example: very last tube on the right.