Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

83 notecards = 21 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The Heart: Anatomy & Physiology

front 1

Name for the circuit that transports blood to and from the lungs

back 1

Pulmonary Circulation

front 2

Name for the circuit that transports blood to and from the body

back 2

Systemic Circulation

front 3

Arteries that come off the Aorta right behind aortic valve and it's function

back 3

Right Coronary - gives blood to the right ventricle

Left Coronary - gives blood to the left ventricle

front 4

Since the left ventricle is so much bigger, the Left main coronary artery divides into:

back 4

Circumflex - does the back of the left ventricle

Anterior descending (LAD) - does the anterior and lateral portion of left ventricle

front 5

Double lined connective tissue bag containing the heart

back 5

Pericardium

front 6

Pericardium is made up of what 2 layers that are separated by a space

back 6

Parietal layer and Visceral layer

front 7

Outside layer of the pericardium
(pericardial space is in between, filled with pericardial fluid)

back 7

Parietal layer

front 8

Inner most layer of pericardium that is on heart
(also called the epicardium)

back 8

Visceral layer

front 9

3 layers of the heart muscle wall

back 9

Epicardium - outer layer

Myocardium - thick middle layer

Endocardium - inner layer

front 10

Systole is the _____________ phase.

back 10

Contracting phase

front 11

Diastole is the ___________ phase.

back 11

Non contracting phase, filling

front 12

Names given to the wall that is shared by the two pumps

back 12

Intertribal Septum - between Right and Left atrium

Interventricular septum - between Right and Left
ventricles

front 13

Right atrium flows into the right ventricle through the

back 13

Tricuspid Valve

front 14

Right ventricle flows into the Pulmonary Artery through the

back 14

Pulmonic Valve

front 15

Left atrium flows into the left ventricle through the

back 15

Mitral Valve

front 16

Left ventricle flows into the Aorta through the

back 16

Aortic Valve

front 17

The blood is returned to the heart via

back 17

Large veins

front 18

The blood is taken away from the heart via

back 18

Large arteries

front 19

Brings blood back from the body to the right atrium

back 19

Inferior and Superior vena cava

front 20

Brings blood back to the left atrium

back 20

Pulmonary veins

front 21

Takes blood away from the right ventricle

back 21

Pulmonary Artery

front 22

Takes blood away from the left ventricle

back 22

Aorta

front 23

3 factors that regulate stroke volumn

back 23

Preload
Contractility
Afterload

front 24

The amount of blood in pumping chamber before it contracts
(also called End diastolic volumn)

back 24

Preload

front 25

How hard ventricle is trying to pump the blood

(effected by ANS, disease, medications)

back 25

Contractility

front 26

The resistance to blood being pumped out of the chamber

back 26

Afterload

front 27

The circulation is divided into 2 parts:

(named for the location the blood is pumped)

back 27

Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations

front 28

The heart is located in the

back 28

Mediastinum

front 29

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

back 29

Pericardium

front 30

Right and left ventricals seperated internally by the

back 30

Interventricular septum

front 31

Right and left atriums seperated internally by the

back 31

Interatrial septum

front 32

Of the four chambers, which has the highest workload and thickest wall

back 32

Left ventricle

front 33

Dense connective tissue that surrounds the valves of the heart

back 33

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

front 34

Amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during each systole

back 34

Stroke volumn (SV)

front 35

Difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and his cardiac output at rest

back 35

Cardiac reserve

front 36

Heart rate is effected by

back 36

Nervous system and hormones in the body

front 37

Cardiac muscle is very similar to skeletal muscle in that is has

back 37

Sarcomeres

front 38

Cardiac muscle is different in that it has

back 38

Gap junctions on cell membrane on intercalated discs
(allows action potential to be passed directly from cell to cell)

front 39

The fastest areas in the heart are called

back 39

Pacemakers

front 40

Passes the action potential throughout the heart

back 40

Electrical conduction system

front 41

This wave is due to the depolarization of the atrium

back 41

P wave

front 42

This wave is due to the depolarization of the ventricle

back 42

QRS complex

front 43

This is the time period between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS.

-time when atria contracts

back 43

PR interval

front 44

Time period from end of QRS until beginning of the T wave

-time when ventricle contacts

back 44

ST segment

front 45

This is where a portion of the atria other than the SA node triggers a wave

-comes early, P wave looks different from the normal P wave seen in other beats, QRS will look the same

back 45

PAC Premature Atrial contraction

front 46

This is where a portion of the ventricle triggers a full wave

-QRS will be big and odd looking and appear different from all other EKG beats

back 46

PVC Premature Ventricular contraction

front 47

Here the PR interval is longer than normal

-about 4 boxes
-all P waves have a QRS after them

back 47

1st Degree heart block

front 48

There are 2 types of 2nd degree heart block:

-some P waves will not have a QRS after them

back 48

Mobitz and Wenckebach

front 49

2nd degree heart block where the PR interval is consistant

back 49

Mobitz

front 50

2nd degree heart block where the PR interval is changing

back 50

Wenkebach

front 51

What constitutes 3rd degree heart block

-aka complete heart block

back 51

there is no relationship between the P waves and the QRS

front 52

The functions of the blood:

back 52

Transportation
Regulation
Protection
Coagulation

front 53

Temperature of the blood:

back 53

38C or 100.4F (higher than cells)

front 54

The pH of the blood: L

back 54

7.35 - 7.45 (slightly alkaline)

front 55

The normal blood volume for an adult is about:

back 55

5L

front 56

The blood is generally divided into 2 parts:

back 56

Plasma Component 55%

Formed elements 45%

front 57

The Plasma Component is made up of what?

-(know the %)

back 57

Water 91.5%
Proteins 7.0%
Others 1.5%

front 58

The Formed elements are made up of what?

back 58

RBC
WBC
Platelets

front 59

These cells fight infection, stress, and inflammation:

-know the 2 types

back 59

White Blood cells (WBC)

-Wander
-Fixed

front 60

The term that describes how WBC can be attracted

back 60

Chemotaxes

front 61

Fragments of megakaryocytes

-small, no nucleus
-plug holes, stop damage to pipes

back 61

Platelets

front 62

3 Granular leukocytes

back 62

Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils

front 63

2 Agranular leukocytes

back 63

Lymphocyte
Monocyte

front 64

The body has a 3 phase response to a hole in a blood vessel

back 64

1. Vascular spasm
2. Platelet plug
3. Clotting

front 65

Damage to blood vessel wall causes the smooth muscle of the vessel to contract,

decreases blood flow thru vessel,

lasts minutes to hour

back 65

Vascular Spasm

front 66

acts as an enzyme and splits Prothrombin into Thrombin

back 66

Prothrominase

front 67

Thrombin acts as an enzyme to split

back 67

Fibrogen

front 68

stabilizes the platelet plug

back 68

Fibrin

front 69

activates tissue factors outside the blood

back 69

Extrinsic pathway

front 70

activates from plasma factors inside the blood

back 70

Intrinsic pathways

front 71

Synthesis blood cells occurs in Red bone marrow

back 71

Hemopoiesis

front 72

Shows response of the body to anemia

back 72

RBC - Reticulocyte

front 73

Band is precursor, body being overwhelmed by infection

back 73

WBC: Neutrophil

front 74

Natural antithrombin, prevent Thrombin from clotting

back 74

Heparin

front 75

3 types of blood vessels

back 75

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

front 76

Arteries start off ______ and as they move away from the heart get ______.

back 76

start large and get smaller

front 77

Veins start off _______ and get ______ larger as they get closer to the heart

back 77

tiny and grow larger

front 78

Which are the thickest of the walls of the blood vessel?

Arteries, Cappillaries, or veins

back 78

Arteries, due to pressure from pumping action of heart

front 79

Lack of perfusion due to lack of pumping

back 79

Cardiogenic Shock

front 80

Which ion is important in the clotting process

back 80

Calcium

front 81

Blood is returned to the heart from the veins via 2 mechanisms

back 81

1. Skeletal muscles contract, squeezing blood through vein

2. Respiratory pump, as pressure in chest goes down on inspiration, blood is drawn into chest through the veins

front 82

Endothelium changes in different typs of Capillaries

back 82

Continuous- only opening is intercellular cleft

Fenestrated- pores (small holes)

Sinusoids- wider, more winding (big holes)

front 83

2 ways capillary sphincter controls flow into capillary, sphincter muscles relax or contract, open or close

back 83

1. local chemical help dictate vasomotion

2. NS controls vasomotor (brain can order open or close)