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38 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

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Exercise 14: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

front 1

1. gluteus maximus
2. adductor magnus
3. biceps femoris
4. transversus abdominus

back 1

1. relative size of the muscle
2. action of the muscle
3. number of origins
4. direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line

front 2

5. extensor carpi ulnaris
6. trapezius
7. rectus femoris
8. extenal oblique

back 2

5. action of the muscle
6. shape of the muscle
7. direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line
8. location of the origin and/or insertion of the muscle

front 3

primer mover (agonist)

back 3

--term for the biceps brachii during elbow flexion
--term for the iliopsoas during hip extension

front 4

antagonist

back 4

--term for the triceps brachii during elbow flexion
--term for the gluteus maximus during hip extension when walking up stairs

front 5

synergist

back 5

--term that describes the relation of the brachialis to the biceps brachii during elbow flexion

front 6

fixator

back 6

--term for the rotator cuff muscle and deltoid when the elbow is flexed and the hand grabs a tabletop to lift the table

front 7

Muscles of the Head and Neck

back 7

Muscles of the Head and Neck

front 8

1. used in smiling
2. used to suck in your cheeks
3. used in blinking and squinting
4. used to pout (pulls the corners of the mouth downward)
5. raises your eyebrows for a questioning expression

back 8

1. zygomaticus major and minor
2. buccinator
3. orbicularis oculi
4. depressor anguli oris
5. frontal belly of epicranius

front 9

6. used to form the vertical frown crease on the forehead
7. your "kisser"
8. prime mover to raise the mandible
9. tenses skin of the neck during shaving

back 9

6. corrugator supercilii
7. orbicularis oris
8. masseter
9. platysma

front 10

Muscles of the Trunk

back 10

Muscles of the Trunk

front 11

1. a major spine flexor
2. prime mover for pulling the arm posteriorly
3. prime mover for shoulder flexion
4. assume major responsibility for forming the abdominal girdle (three pairs of muscles)

back 11

1. rectus abdominus
2. latissimus dorsi
3. pectoralis major (cut)
4. external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis

front 12

5. pulls the shoulder backward and downward
6. prime mover of shoulder abduction
7. important in shoulder adduction; antagonists of the shoulder abductor (two muscles)

back 12

5. pectoralis minor
6. deltoid (cut)
7. latissimus dorsi, h. pectoralis major (cut)

front 13

8. moves the scapula forward and downward
9. small, inspiratory muscles between the ribs, elevate the ribs
10. extends the head
11. pull the scapulae

back 13

8. serratus anterior
9. external intercostals
10. trapezius
11. rhomboids

front 14

Muscles of the Upper Limb

back 14

front 15

1. flexes the forearm and supinates the hand
2. synergist for supinating the hand
3. forearm flexors; no role in supination (two muscles)
4. elbow extensor

back 15

1. biceps brachii
2. supinator
3. brachialis, brachioradialis
4. elbow extensor

front 16

5. power wrist flexor and abductor
6. flexes wrist and middle phalanges
7. pronate the hand (two muscles)
8. flexes the thumb

back 16

5. flexor carpi radialis
6. flexor digitorum superficialis
7. pronator quadratus, pronator teres
8. flexor pollicis longus

front 17

9. extends and abducts the wrists
10. extends the wrists and digits
11. flat muscle that is a weak wrist flexor; tenses skin of palm

back 17

9. extensor carpi radialis longus
10. extensor digitorum
11. palmarus longus

front 18

Muscles of the Lower Limb

back 18

Muscles of the Lower Limb

front 19

1. flexes the great toe and inverts the ankle
2. lateral compartment muscles that plantar flex and evert the ankle (two muscles)
3. abduct the thigh to take the "at ease" stance (two muscles)
4. used to extend the hip when climbing stairs

back 19

1. flexor hallicus longus
2. fibularis brevis, fibularis longus
3. tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius
4. gluteus maximus

front 20

5. prime movers of ankle plantar flexion (two muscles)
6. major foot inverter
7. prime mover of dorsiflexion of the foot
8. adduct the thigh, as when standing at attention

back 20

5. g. gastrocnemius, soleus
6. p. tibialis posterior
7. o. tibialis anterior
8. a. adductor group

front 21

9. extends the toes
10. extends thigh and flexes knee (three muscles)
11. extends knee and flexes thigh

back 21

9. c. extensor digitorum longus
10. b. biceps femoris, k. semimembranosus, l. semitendonosus
11. j. rectus femoris

front 22

Muscle Recognition: Anterior Superficial Musculature

back 22

front 23

Muscle Recognition: Anterior Superficial Musculature

back 23

front 24

Muscle Recognition: Anterior Superficial Musculature

back 24

front 25

Muscle Recognition: Posterior Superficial Musculature

back 25

front 26

Muscle Recognition: Posterior Superficial Musculature

back 26

front 27

The __________, __________, __________ and __________ are commonly used for intramuscular injections (four muscles).

back 27

deltoid, vastus lateralis, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus

front 28

The insertion tendon of the __________ group contains a large sesamoid bone, the patella.

back 28

quadriceps

front 29

The triceps surae insert in common into the ___________ tendon.

back 29

Achilles

front 30

The bulk of the tissue of a muscle tends to lie __________ to the part of the body it causes to move.

back 30

proximal

front 31

The extrisinc muscle of the hand originates on the __________.

back 31

forearm

front 32

Most flexor muscles are located on the __________ aspect of the body, most extensors are located __________. An exception to this generalization is the extensor-flexor musculature of the __________.

back 32

anterior, posterior, knee,

front 33

How does the human trapezius muscle differ from the cat's?

back 33

Humans have a single large trapezius muscle, but the cat has three sperate muscles- the clavotrapezius, acroliotrapezius, and spinotrapezius- that together perdorm a similar function.

front 34

How does the deltoid differ?

back 34

The deltoid muscle in a cat does not connect directly to its skeletal frame, whereas, in a human, it does.

front 35

How do the extent and orientation of the human gluteus muscles differ from their relative positions in the cat?

back 35

In humans, it is a large fleshy muscle. In the cat, it is only 1.3 cm wide by 5 cm long.

front 36

Explain these differences in cat and human muscles in terms of differences in function.

back 36

*Have not found the answer*

front 37

The human rectus abdominis is definitely divided by four transverse tendons (tendinous intersections). These tendons are absent or difficult to identify in the cat. How do these tendons affect the human upright posture?

back 37

*Have not found the answer*

front 38

1. to separate muscles
2. to fold back a muscle
3. to cut through a muscle
4. to preserve tissue

back 38

1. dissect
2. reflect
3. transect
4. embalm