front 1 4 stage chemical and physical processes on early Earth that may have produced very simple cells: | back 1 1) Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules. 2) Joining of these small molecules in macromolecules. 3) Packaging of molecules into protocells. 4) Origin of self-replicating molecules. |
front 2 evolutionary change above the species level. examples include the origin of new group of organisms through a series of speciation events and the impact of mass extinctions on the diversity of life and its subsequent recovery. | back 2 Macroevolutionary |
front 3 Earth formed about... | back 3 4.6 billion years ago |
front 4 Two men who conducted lab experiments that showed that the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules in a reducing atmosphere is possible. | back 4 Stanley Miller and Harold Urey |
front 5 an abiotic precursor of a living cell that had a membrane-like structure and that maintained an internal chemistry different from that of its surroundings. | back 5 Protocell |
front 6 The first genetic material was probably ______, not _____. | back 6 RNA, not DNA |
front 7 RNA molecules called ________ have been found to catalyze many different reactions. | back 7 Ribozymes |
front 8 sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers called _______ and are the richest source of fossils. | back 8 strata |
front 9 a method for determining the absolute age of rocks and fossils, based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes. | back 9 radiometric-dating |
front 10 the amount of time it takes for 50% of a sample of radioactive isotope to decay. | back 10 half-life |
front 11 The division of Earth's history into time periods grouped into three eons- Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic- and further subdivided into eras, periods and epochs. | back 11 geologic record |
front 12 The _________ encompasses multicellular eukaryotic life. | back 12 Phanerozoic |
front 13 The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras: | back 13 1) Paleozoic 2) Mesozoic 3) Cenozoic |
front 14 The early rise is O2 was likely caused by ancient ________- bacteria capable to perform photosynthesis. | back 14 cyanobacteria |
front 15 The _________ ______ proposes that mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts and related organelles) were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger host cells. | back 15 endosymbiont theory |
front 16 an ___________ is a cell that lives within a host cell. | back 16 endosymbiont |
front 17 The ____________ __________ refers to the sudden appearance of fossils resembling modern animal phyla in the Cambrian period. (535 to 525 million years ago). | back 17 Cambrian explosion |
front 18 Fungi, plants, and animals began to colonize land about: | back 18 500 million years ago |
front 19 According to the theory of _____ ________, Eath's crust is composed of plates floating on Earth's mantle. | back 19 Plate tectonics |
front 20 Tectonic plates move slowly through the process of: | back 20 continental drift |
front 21 At times, the rate of extinction has increased dramatically and caused a: | back 21 mass extinction |
front 22 (The "Big Five" Mass extinction events) Ther _________ extinction defines the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras 251 million years ago. | back 22 Permian extinction |
front 23 (The "Big Five" Mass extinction events) The ________ mass extinction 65.5 million years ago Mesozoic from the Cenozoic. and marks the period of dinosaur extinction. | back 23 Cretaceous mass extinction |
front 24 period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form may new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities. | back 24 Adaptive radiation |