Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
Bio Test 3
front 1 Which of the following describes cell communication systems? A. Most signal receptors are bound to the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. B. Communicating cells are usually close together. C. In response to a signal, the cell may alter activities by changes in enzyme activities or in gene expression D. Lipid phosphorylation is a major mechanism of signal transductions | back 1 Answer C |
front 2 Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because A. they are species specific. B. they always lead to the same cellular response C. they amplify the original signal many fold. D. the number of molecules used is small and fixed E. they counter the harmful effects go phosphatases | back 2 Answer C |
front 3 Consider this pathway: epinephrine > G protein-coupled receptor > G protein > adenylyl cyclase > cAMP. Identify the second messanger. A. GTP B. G protein-coupled receptor C. cAMP D. adenylyl cyclase E. G protein | back 3 Answer C |
front 4 A drug that inhibits activity of which of the following could be used to block the release of calcium ion from the endoplasmic reticulum? A. tyrosine kinases B. adenylyl cyclase that produces cAMP C.phosphodiesterase D. serine/threonine kinases E. phospholipase C that produces IP3 | back 4 Answer E |
front 5 Which of the following is a correct association? A. adenylyl cyclase activity and conversion of cAMP to AMP B. phosphodiesterase activity and the removal of phosphate groups C. GTPase activity and hydrolysis of HTP to GDP D. kinase activity and the addition of a tyrosine | back 5 Answer C |
front 6 Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A. dehydration B. catalysis C. anabolism D. metabolism E. catabolism | back 6 Answer E |
front 7 Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways? A. they release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers B. They do not depend on enzymes C. They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions D. They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers | back 7 Answer D |
front 8 8. Which.........exergonic reactions A. Some reactants will be converted to products B. a net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed. C. The reactions are non-spontaneous D. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy E. The priciest have more total energy than the reactants | back 8 Answer D |
front 9 A chemical reaction that has a positive ^G is correctly described as A. endothermic B. exothermic C. spontaneous D. endergonic E. enthalpic | back 9 Answer D |
front 10 Which of the following statements is (are) true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions? A. the free energy of the reaction is opposite form the reaction in the absence of the enzyme B. The reaction always goes in the direction toward chemical equilibrium C. The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme D. A and B only | back 10 Answer C |
front 11 Reactants capable of interacting to form precepts in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's A. activation energy B. fee-energy content C. endothermic level D.heat content E. entropy | back 11 Answer A |
front 12 A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because A. starch cannot be hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water B. the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic C. the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution D. the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted | back 12 Answer D |
front 13 The active site of an enzyme is the region that A. binds the products of the catalytic reaction. B. binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme C. is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme of a cofactor D. binds to the substrate and is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme | back 13 Answer D |
front 14 During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ^G of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ^G for the reaction? A. .... B. +20 kcal.mol C. -20 kcal/mol D. -40 kcal/mol E. +40 kcal/mol | back 14 Answer C |
front 15 Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The sin most likely functions as a(n) A. noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme B. activator of the enzyme C. competitive inhibitor of the enzyme D. cofactor necessary for enzyme activity E. coenzyme derived from a vitamin | back 15 Answer D |
front 16 Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succcinate dehydrogenase. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the action of malonic acid? A. it is able to bind to succinate. B. It is a competitive inhibitor C. It blocks the binding of fumarate D. It is a noncompetitive inhibitor E. It replaces the usually enzyme | back 16 Answer B |
front 17  Which of the following represents the ^G of the reaction? A. a B. b C. c D. d E. e | back 17 Answer D |
front 18  Which of the following represents the activation energy required for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction? A. a B. b C. c D. d E. e | back 18 Answer B |
front 19 The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox reaction or oxidation-reduction reaction A. gains electrons and gains energy B. loses electrons and gains energy C. gains electrons and loses energy D. neither gains nor loses electrons, but gains or else energy E. loses electrons and loses energy | back 19 Answer E |
front 20 Where does glycolysis take place? A. mitochondrial inner membrane B. mitochondrial intermembrane space C. mitochondrial outer membrane D. mitochondrial matrix E. cytosol | back 20 Answer E |
front 21 The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by A. electron transport B. oxidation of NADH to NAD+ C. substrate-level phosphorylation D. photophosphoylation E. chemiosmosis | back 21 Answer C |
front 22 The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process of event? A. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain B. the citric acid cycle C. the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP D. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA E. glycolysis | back 22 Answer A |
front 23 Which of the following statements describes NAD+? A. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle B. .... C. NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases D. NAD+ has ore chemical energy than NADH E. in the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function | back 23 Answer A |
front 24 In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A. CO2 and pyruvate B. H2O, FADH2, and citrate C. CO2 and NADH D. NADH and pyruvate E. CO2 and H2O | back 24 Answer D |
front 25 Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? A. lactate B. oxaloacetate C. citrate D. glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate E. acetyl CoA | back 25 Answer E |
front 26 In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate A. 6 molecules of ATP are used and 6 molecules of ATP are produced B. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 6 molecules of ATP are produced C. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 2 molecules of ATP are produced D. 4 molecules of ATP are used and 2 molecules of ATP are produced E. 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced | back 26 Answer E |
front 27 In oxidative phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? A. energy released form substrate-level phosphorylation B. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. C. energy released form movement of protons through ATP synthase D. energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix E. energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system | back 27 Answer C |
front 28 Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? A. oxidative phosphorylation B. chemiosmosis C. the citric acid cycle D. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA E. glycolysis | back 28 Answer E |
front 29 29. ...... electron transport chain in mitochondria? A. NAD+, FAD, and electrons B. NADH, FADH2, and protons C. NADH and FADH2 D. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water E. Oxygen and electrons | back 29 Answer C |
front 30 The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is A. the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers B. the difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane C. oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water D. the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. E. the final transfer of electrons to oxygen | back 30 Answer B |
front 31 Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? A. cytosol B. mitochondrial matrix C. mitochondrial intermembrane space D. mitochondrial outer membrane E. mitochondiral inner membrane | back 31 Answer E |
front 32 During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? A. glucose > ATP > electron transport chain > NADH B. glucose > glycolysis > citric acid cycle > NADH > ATP C. glucose > NADH > electron transport chain > oxygen D. glucose > citric acid cycle > ATP > NAD+ E. glucose > pyruvate > ATP > oxygen | back 32 Answer C |
front 33  The above figure shows Citric acid cycle. How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with FOUR turns of the citric acid cycle? A. 1 FADH2 and 4 NADH B. 2 FADH2 and 8 NADH C. 1 FAD and 4 NAD+ D. 4 FAD+ and 12 NAD+ E. 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH | back 33 Answer E |
front 34 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration? A. glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA B. fermentation and glycolysis C. oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation D. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle E. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation | back 34 Answer D |
front 35 Assume a mitochondrion contains 58 NADH and 19 FADH2. If each of the 77 dinucleotides were used, approximately how many ATP modules could be generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation ( chemiosmosis)? A. 77 B. 212 C. 1102 D. 36 E. 173 | back 35 Answer E |
front 36 One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to A. reduce FAD+ to FADH2 B. reduce NAD+ to NADH C. reduce FADH2 to FAD+ D. oxidize NADH and NAD+ E. none of the above | back 36 Answer D |
front 37 Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the calvin cycle? A. CO2 and glucose B. ADP, Pi, and NADP+ C. H2O and O2 D. ATP and NADPH E. electrons and H+ | back 37 Answer D |
front 38 Where does the calvin cycle take place? A. storm of the chloroplast B. chlorophyll molecule C. thylakoid membrane D. outer membrane of the chloroplast E. cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast | back 38 Answer A |
front 39 When oxygen is released as a results go photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following? A. chemiosmosis B. the electron transfer system of photosystem I C. the electron transfer system of photosysmte II D. reducing NADP+ E. splitting the water molecules | back 39 Answer E |
front 40 Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. NADPH is reduce to NADP+ B. NADP is produced C. carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic molecule D. ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP E. light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a | back 40 Answer E |
front 41 What are the products of linear electron flow? A. P700 and P680 B. ATP and P700 C. ATP and NADPH D. ADP and NADP E. heat and fluorescence | back 41 Answer C |
front 42 Assume the thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the storm. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes? A. the reduction of NADP+ B. the splitting of water C. the synthesis of ATP D. the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I E. the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll | back 42 Answer C |
front 43 In mitochondria, chemiosmosis is driven by the proton concentration gradient across the inner membrane. with proton concentration high in ______ than in _____. whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis is driven by the proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane, with proton concentration high in ____ than in _____. A. inter membrane space: strome; matrix; thylakoid space B. matrix; stroma; inter membrane space; thylakoid space C. intermembrance space; matrix; stroma; thylakoid space D. intermembrance space; matrix; thylakoid; storm | back 43 Answer D |
front 44 As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from? A. chlorophyll B. photosystem II C. linear electron flow D. photosystem I E. cyclic electron flow | back 44 Answer E |