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31 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 13

front 1

Infection

back 1

Occurs when pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues

front 2

Infectious disease

back 2

Caused by microorganisms or their products

front 3

Normal flora

back 3

Resident, indigenous, normal microflora

front 4

Endogenous infectious agents

back 4

Arise from microbes that are the patient's own normal flora

front 5

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora...

back 5

During, and immediately after birth

front 6

Resident flora are found...

back 6

On/in the skin, mouth, nasal passages, and large intestine

front 7

Resident flora of the skin

back 7

Staphlococcus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium

front 8

Resident flora of intestines

back 8

Bacteroides

front 9

Resident flora of mouth, large intestine, and from puberty to menopause, the vagina

back 9

Lactobacillus

front 10

Most common resident flora of mouth surfaces

back 10

Streptococcus

front 11

Resident flora that produces beneficial body products, including vitamin K and several other vitamins

back 11

Large intestine

front 12

Virulence factors

back 12

Capsules, exoenzymes, endotoxin, exotoxin

front 13

STORCH

back 13

Represents most common infections of the fetus and neonate

front 14

Examples of exoenzymes

back 14

Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase, and streptokinase

front 15

Exotoxins

back 15

Are proteins

front 16

Enterotoxins

back 16

Are virulence factors, toxins that target the intestines, proteins, exotoxins

front 17

Fimbraie

back 17

Adherence to substrate

front 18

Capsules

back 18

Antiphagocytic factor

front 19

Leukocidins

back 19

Damage WBCs

front 20

Hemolysins

back 20

Damage RBCs

front 21

Period of invasion

back 21

Specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity

front 22

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear

back 22

Incubation period

front 23

Prodromal Stage

back 23

Initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches

front 24

Mixed infection

back 24

Several agents established at infection site

front 25

Acute infection

back 25

Rapid onset of severe, short-lived symptoms

front 26

Local infection

back 26

Pathogen remains at or near entry site

front 27

Toxemia

back 27

Pathogen's toxins carried by the blood to target tissues

front 28

Symptom

back 28

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient

front 29

Sign

back 29

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer

front 30

Inflammation

back 30

Local edema, swollen lymph nodes, fever, soreness, and abscesses

front 31

Immunology

back 31

The study of frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population