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44 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

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MASTERING CHAPTER 12

front 1

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

back 1

suprachiasmatic nucleus

front 2

Pyramidal tracts, also called direct pathways, originate in the primary motor cortex within the pre-central gyrus.

back 2

Pyramidal tracts

front 3

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the

back 3

visceral sensory area

front 4

Which of the following hypothalamic control centers would you predict is the LEAST important for survival?

back 4

suprachiasmatic nucleus

EXAMPLE: This area of the hypothalamus is important in determining the circadian rhythm that sets our sleep-wake cycles

front 5

Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex?

back 5

thalamus

front 6

Which of the following is not a site where a tumor is likely to cause hydrocephalus?

back 6

pia mater

front 7

After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin—but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that

back 7

based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions

front 8

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the

back 8

MEDULLA

front 9

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

back 9

COMMISSURES

front 10

In general, information flows from sensory receptors to the appropriate primary sensory cortex.

back 10

TRUE

front 11

sensory neurons transmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord.

back 11

First-order

front 12

Which of the following areas of the brain controls voluntary movement of the eyes?

back 12

FRONTAL EYE FIELD

front 13

The primary auditory cortex is located in the

back 13

TEMPORAL LOBE

front 14

Spinocerebellar tracts carry appropriate sensory information, such as the degree of muscle stretch, to the cerebellum. The cerebellum uses such input to calculate skeletal muscle movements that allow for coordinated responses and the maintenance of balance.

back 14

coordination of skeletal muscle movements

front 15

Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the

back 15

THALAMUS

front 16

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are

back 16

pyramidal and corticospinal

front 17

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

back 17

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

front 18

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

back 18

EPENDYMAL CELLS

front 19

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" for all brain activity?

back 19

CEREBRAL CORTEX

front 20

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the

back 20

VESTIBULAR NUCLEI

front 21

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

back 21

ARACHNOID and PIA

front 22

Emotional state, rehearsal, association, and automatic memory are all factors that affect the transfer of information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM).

back 22

TRUE

front 23

During an epileptic seizure, the triggering of convulsions would not directly involve the uncontrolled activity of neurons located in the

back 23

THALAMUS

front 24

Which part of the brain stem houses the reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascular functioning?

back 24

MEDULLA OBOLONGATA

front 25

The term cerebral dominance designates the hemisphere that is dominant for language.

back 25

TRUE

front 26

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

back 26

PROCEDURAL

front 27

Mrs. Sagalov has recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What clinical symptoms is she likely to show?

back 27

She will show increasing cognitive deficits, including difficulties with memory and attention, and personality changes such as irritability, moodiness, and confusion.

front 28

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the

back 28

RECTICULAR FORMATION

front 29

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in

back 29

PARAPLEGIA

front 30

The blood-brain barrier is effective against

back 30

metabolic waste such as urea

front 31

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called

back 31

ASSOCIATION

front 32

Which parts of the brain constitute the "emotional brain" known as the limbic system?

back 32

cerebral and diencephalic structures

front 33

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

back 33

FRONTAL and PARIETAL

front 34

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

back 34

carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

front 35

carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

back 35

midbrain, medulla, and pons

front 36

Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area

back 36

can understand language, but have difficulty speaking

front 37

The is the most prominent example of commisural fibers—tracts that connect the left and right hemispheres.

back 37

corpus callosum

front 38

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a

back 38

sulcu

front 39

The middle primary brain vesicle, the mesencephalon, gives rise to which adult brain structure?

back 39

midbrain

front 40

Which protective covering of the brain provides passageways for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to drain into the superior sagittal sinus?

back 40

ARACHNOID MATER

front 41

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the

back 41

LATERAL SULCUS

front 42

is produced within the choroid plexi located within each ventricle.

back 42

Cerebrospinal fluid

front 43

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the

back 43

UPPER MOTOR NEURONS

front 44

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the

back 44

  • cingulate gyrus
  • caudate nucleus
  • amygdaloid nucleus
  • hippocampus