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37 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 3 Ancient India Study Guide

front 1

part of a code of ethics in Buddhism

back 1

Four Noble Truths

front 2

ancient Indus River Valley city

back 2

Harappa

front 3

powerful priests

back 3

Brahmins

front 4

title of an epic poem

back 4

Bhagavad Gita

front 5

Indo-Aryan religious text

back 5

Vedas

front 6

unity of God and creation

back 6

monism

front 7

This separates the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia

back 7

the Himalayas

front 8

the ultimate goal of Hindus

back 8

reach nirvana

front 9

the lowest part of the caste system

back 9

pariahs

front 10

The teachings of Upanishads were in this form

back 10

epics

front 11

Ancient Indus River valley cities based their protection around this type of structure

back 11

citadels

front 12

Leader, lawmaker, and judge of a settlement during the Vedic Age

back 12

raja

front 13

Indian physicians saved lives through this

back 13

inoculations

front 14

Siddhartha Gautama became known as this

back 14

Buddha

front 15

What are stupas?

back 15

temples that housed objects associated with Buddha

front 16

The way to salvation in Buddhism was to

back 16

live a life of selflessness

front 17

Right Action

back 17

is part of the Eightfold Path

front 18

One reason the Guptas lost power

back 18

let local leaders become too powerful

front 19

Chandragupta Maurya ruled how?

back 19

establishing a rigid bureaucracy

front 20

More people became Buddhists after

back 20

Asoka converted

front 21

Mahayana Buddhists view Buddha as a(n)

back 21

savior

front 22

Stories such as the Mahabharata were only read by the Brahmins

back 22

false

front 23

Chandragupta Maurya united this region

back 23

northwestern India

front 24

Siddhartha Gautama set out to find an answer

back 24

for the kind of poverty others were suffering from

front 25

Hindus believe in this good or bad force that results from a person's actions

back 25

karma

front 26

Buddha emphasized this over ceremonies (fill in the blank)

back 26

ethics

front 27

This means doing one moral duty in life (fill in the blank)

back 27

Dharma

front 28

Anyone in any caste could reach nirvana in:

back 28

Buddhism

front 29

This is the time when Siddhartha Gautama left his home to search for truth and meaning (fill in the blank)

back 29

The Great Renunciation

front 30

Region drained by the Indus and Ganges Rivers (fill in the blank)

back 30

Indo-Gangeic Plain

front 31

The thinkers of the Vedanta questioned (short answer)

back 31

the powers of the Brahmins and through the Upanishads wrote the explanation of the Vedic religion

front 32

The Indo-Aryan people's effect on southern India was (short answer)

back 32

minimal due to the geography of Southern India separated it from the people of the north

front 33

Hinduism is not a monotheistic religion because (short answer)

back 33

all things are part of the game god and may take the form of other gods. The term is monism.

front 34

Those most responsible for the spread of Budddhism (short answer)

back 34

traders, missionaries, as well as Asoka's conversion

front 35

This changed Asoka (short answer)

back 35

Asoka's army fought in many bloody wars. He was sick of the killing and converted to Buddhism.

front 36

Describe the difference between early northern India and early southern India (essay)

back 36

Northern India was heavily influenced by the Indo-Aryan people, nomads who came to the area to search for better farmlands. The Indo-Aryans helped introduce Sanskrit as a language in India. the social order, with the Brahmin at the top, became the basis of the alter caste system. The Indo-Aryans introduced a structured religion, based around complex ceremonies. southern India was geographically isolated from northern India and developed an independent culture. the mountains in the area kept southern Indians in small, distinct societies, rather than a larger unified culture. They were farmers, hunter-gatherers, and traders using the coasts for a sea trade with other parts of Southeast Asia.

front 37

Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism

back 37

Both believed in the eternal nature of soul and in people's continued rebirth, or reincarnation, and new lives during which they gain the knowledge and experience they need to reach a state of enlightenment salvation, and peace called nirvana. However, the Buddha did not accept the Hindu gods, the sacredness of the Vedas, the elevated position of the Brahmins, or the caste system in general.