front 1 Frontal Epicranius Belly . | back 1 Origin - Epicranial aponeurosis Insertion - Skin superior to supraorbital margin. Action - Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in look of surprise. |
front 2 Occipital Epicranius Belly | back 2 Origin: Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis. Action: Draws scalp posteriorly |
front 3 Orbicularis oris | back 3 Origin: Muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth. Insertion: Skin at corner of mouth. Action: Closes and protrudes lips, as in kissing; compresses lips against teeth; and shapes lips during speech. |
front 4 Orbicularis oculi | back 4 Origin: Medial wall of orbit. Insertion: Circular path around orbit. Action: Closes eye. |
front 5 Depressor anguli oris | back 5 Origin: Mandible. Insertion: Angle of mouth. Action: Draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly, as in opening mouth. |
front 6 Depressor labii inferioris | back 6 Origin Mandible. Insertion Skin of lower lip. Action Depresses (lowers) lower lip |
front 7 Mentalis | back 7 Origin Mandible. Insertion Skin of chin. Action Elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin up, as in pouting. |
front 8 Buccinators | back 8 Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe (fi brous band extending from pterygoid process of sphenoid bone to mandible). Insertion: Orbicularis oris. Action: Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing, and sucking; draws corner of mouth laterally; and assists in mastication (chewing) by keeping food between the teeth (and not between teeth and cheeks). |
front 9 Masseter | back 9 Origin Maxilla and zygomatic arch. Insertion Angle and ramus of mandible Action Elevates mandible, as in closing mouth. |
front 10 Temporalis | back 10 Origin Temporal bone. Insertion Coronoid process and ramus of mandible. Action Elevates and retracts mandible. |
front 11 Medial Pterygoid | back 11 Origin: Medial surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone; maxilla. Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible. Action: Elevates and protracts (protrudes) mandible and moves mandible from side to side. |
front 12 Lateral Pterygoid | back 12 Origin Greater wing and lateral surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone. Insertion Greater wing and lateral surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone. Action Protracts mandible, depresses mandible as in opening mouth, and moves mandible from side to side. |
front 13 Platysma | back 13
ORIGIN
INSERTION
ACTION |
front 14 Sternocleidomastoid | back 14 Origin Sternal head: manubrium of sternum; clavicular head: medial third of clavicle. Insertion Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone. Action Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone. |
front 15 Digastric | back 15 Origin Anterior belly from inner side of inferior border of mandible; posterior belly from temporal bone. Insertion Body of hyoid bone via an intermediate tendon. Action Elevates hyoid bone. RMA: Depresses mandible, as in opening mouth |
front 16 Stylohyoid | back 16 Origin Medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum. Insertion Body of hyoid bone. Action Elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly. |
front 17 Sternohyoid | back 17 Origin Medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum. Insertion Body of hyoid bone. Action Depresses hyoid bone. |
front 18 Sternothyroid | back 18 Origin Manubrium of sternum. Insertion Thyroid cartilage of larynx. Action Depresses thyroid cartilage of larynx. |
front 19 Biceps brachii | back 19 Origin Long head originates from tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula (supraglenoid tubercle). Short head originates from coracoid process of scapula. Insertion Radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis.* Action Flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, and fl exes arm at shoulder joint. |
front 20 Triceps brachii | back 20 Origin Long head originates from infraglenoid tubercle, a projection inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula. Lateral head originates from lateral and posterior surface of humerus. Medial head originates from entire posterior surface of humerus inferior to a groove for the radial nerve. Insertion Olecranon of ulna. Action Extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint. |
front 21 Brachioradialis | back 21 Origin Lateral border of distal end of humerus. Insertion Superior to styloid process of radius. Action Flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position. |
front 22 Brachialis | back 22 Origin Lateral border of distal end of humerus. Insertion Superior to styloid process of radius. Action Flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position. |
front 23 Brachialis | back 23 Origin Distal, anterior surface of humerus. Insertion Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna. Action Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna. |
front 24 Flexor carpi radialis | back 24 Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus. Insertion Metacarpals II and III. Action Flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) at wrist joint. |
front 25 Flexor carpi ulnaris | back 25 Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna. Insertion Pisiform, hamate, and base of metacarpal V. Action Flexes and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint. |
front 26 Palmaris longus | back 26 Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis (fascia in center of palm). Action Weakly fl exes hand at wrist joint. |
front 27 Extensor carpi radialis longus | back 27 Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion Metacarpal II. Action Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint (ulnar deviation). |
front 28 Extensor carpi radialis brevus | back 28 Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion Metacarpal III. Action Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint. |
front 29 Pectoralis major | back 29 Origin Clavicle (clavicular head), sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 2–6 and sometimes ribs 1–7 (sternocostal head). Insertion Greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus. Action As a whole, adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; clavicular head fl exes arm, and sternocostal head extends fl exed arm to side of trunk. |
front 30 Pectoralis minor | back 30 Origin Ribs 2–5, 3–5, or 2–4. Insertion Coracoid process of scapula. Action Abducts scapula and rotates it downward. RMA: Elevates ribs 3–5 during forced inhalation when scapula is fi xed. |
front 31 Deltoid | back 31 Origin Acromial extremity of clavicle (anterior fi bers), acromion of scapula (lateral fi bers), and spine of scapula (posterior fibers). Insertion Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Action Lateral fi bers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fi bers fl ex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fi bers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint. |
front 32 Serratus anterior | back 32 Origin Ribs 1–8 or 1–9. Insertion Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula. Action Abducts scapula and rotates it upward. RMA: Elevates ribs when scapula is stabilized. Known as “boxer’s muscle” because it is important in horizontal arm movements such as punching and pushing. |
front 33 Internal Intercostals | back 33 Origin Superior border of rib below. Insertion Inferior border of rib above. Action Contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation. |
front 34 External Intercostals | back 34 Origin Inferior border of rib above. Insertion Superior border of rib below. Action Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation. |
front 35 Diaphragm | back 35 Origin Xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages and adjacent portions of ribs 7–12, lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs. Insertion Central tendon. Action Contraction of diaphragm causes it to flatten and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation. |
front 36 Rectus abdominis | back 36 Origin Pubic crest and pubic symphysis. Insertion Cartilage of ribs 5–7 and xiphoid process. Action Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth. RMA: Flexes pelvis on the vertebral column. |
front 37 Transverse abdominis | back 37 Origin Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and cartilages of ribs 5–10. Insertion Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis. Action Compresses abdomen. |
front 38 External Oblique | back 38 Origin Ribs 5–12. Insertion Iliac crest and linea alba. Action Acting together (bilaterally), compress abdomen and fl ex vertebral column; acting singly (unilaterally), laterally fl ex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column. |
front 39 Internal Oblique | back 39 Origin Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia. Insertion Cartilage of ribs 7–10 and linea alba. Action Acting together, compress abdomen and fl ex vertebral column; acting singly, laterally fl ex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column. |
front 40 Trapezius | back 40 Origin Superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C7–T12 Insertion Clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula. Action Superior fi bers upward rotate scapula; middle fi bers adduct scapula; inferior fi bers depress and upward rotate scapula; superior and inferior fi bers together rotate scapula upward; stabilizes scapula. RMA: Superior fi bers can help extend head. |
front 41 Latissimus dorsi | back 41 Origin Spines of T7–L5, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium, ribs 9–12 via thoracolumbar fascia. Insertion Intertubercular sulcus of humerus. Action Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly. RMA: Elevates vertebral column and torso. |
front 42 Infraspinatus | back 42 Origin Infraspinous fossa of scapula. Insertion Greater tubercle of humerus. Action Laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint. |
front 43 Popliteus | back 43 Origin Lateral condyle of femur. Insertion Proximal tibia. Action Flexes leg at knee joint and medially rotates tibia to unlock the extended knee. |
front 44 Gastrocnemius | back 44 Origin Lateral and medial condyles of femur and capsule of knee. Insertion Calcaneus by way of calcaneal (Achilles) tendon. Action Plantar fl exes foot at ankle joint and fl exes leg at knee joint. |
front 45 Tibalis Anterior | back 45 Origin Lateral condyle and body of tibia and interosseous membrane (sheet of fi brous tissue that holds shafts of tibia and fi bula together). Insertion Metatarsal I and fi rst (medial) cuneiform. Action Dorsifl exes foot at ankle joint and inverts (supinates) foot at intertarsal joints. |
front 46 Fibularis Longus | back 46 Origin Head and body of fi bula. Insertion Metatarsal I and fi rst cuneiform. Action Plantar fl exes foot at ankle joint and everts (pronates) foot at intertarsal joints. |
front 47 Fibularis Longus | back 47 Origin Head and body of fi bula. Insertion Metatarsal I and fi rst cuneiform. Action Plantar fl exes foot at ankle joint and everts (pronates) foot at intertarsal joints. |
front 48 Fibularis Brevis | back 48 Origin Distal half of body of fibula. Insertion Base of metatarsal V. Action Plantar fl exes foot at ankle joint and everts (pronates) foot at intertarsal joints. |
front 49 Rectus femoris | back 49 Origin Anterior inferior iliac spine. Insertion Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. Action All four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also fl exes thigh at hip joint. |
front 50 Gluteus Maximus | back 50 Origin Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, and aponeurosis of sacrospinalis. Insertion Iliotibial tract of fascia lata and superior lateral part of linea aspera (gluteal tuberosity) under greater trochanter of femur. Action Extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh; helps lock knee in extension. RMA: Extends torso. |
front 51 Gluteus Medius | back 51 Origin Ilium Insertion Greater trochanter of femur. Action Abducts thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh. |
front 52 Biceps femoris | back 52 Origin Long head arises from ischial tuberosity; short head arises from linea aspera of femur. Insertion Head of fi bula and lateral condyle of tibia. Action Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint. |
front 53 Sartorius | back 53 Origin Anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion Medial surface of body of tibia. Action Weakly fl exes leg at knee joint; weakly fl exes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint. |
front 54 Gracilis | back 54 Origin Body and inferior ramus of pubis. Insertion Medial surface of body of tibia. Action Adducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh, and fl exes leg at knee joint. |
front 55
| back 55 Origin: Transverse processes of T12-L5 & the lateral aspects of the intervertebral discs Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur |
front 56
| back 56 Origin: Side of T12+L1 & IV intervertebral disc between Insertion: Pectineal line & iliopectineal eminence (lesser trochanter of the femur) |
front 57
| back 57 no data |