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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
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77 notecards = 20 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Muscle's (origin, insertion, main action)

front 1

Epicranial Frontal belly

back 1

Action: Raises the eyebrows
Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrows and nose

front 2

Epicranial Occipital belly

back 2

Action: Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
Origin: Occipital and temporal bones
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis

front 3

Orbicularis oculi

back 3

Action: Closes eye
Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones
Insertion: Eyelid

front 4

Zygomaticus

back 4

Action: Raises lateral corners of the mouth
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Skin and muscle at corner of mouth

front 5

Risorius

back 5

Action: Draws corner of lip laterally
Origin: Fascia of masseter
Insertion: Skin at angle of mouth

front 6

Orbicularis oris

back 6

Action: Closes lips
Origin: Maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Muscle and skin at angles of the mouth

front 7

Mentalis

back 7

Action: Wrinkles chin
Origin: Mandible
Insertion: Skin of chin

front 8

Buccinator

back 8

Action: Compresses cheek
Origin: Maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis oris

front 9

Platysma

back 9

Action: Tenses skin of neck
Origin: Fascia of chest
Insertion: Mandible and skin at corner of mouth

front 10

Masseter

back 10

Action: Closes jaw
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Angle, ramus of mandible

front 11

Temporalis

back 11

Action: Closes jaw
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process

front 12

Sternocleidomastoid

back 12

Action: Flexes, laterally rotates head
Origin: Manubrium, medial clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

front 13

Scalenes (Anterior, Middle, Posterior)

back 13

Action: Elevate ribs 1 and 2
Origin: Cervical vertebrae
Insertion: First two ribs

front 14

Splenius capitis, cervicis

back 14

Action: Extends head
Origin: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone, transverse processes of C C 2 4

front 15

Iliocostalis

back 15

Action: Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, extends head and rotates toward same side
Origin: Iliac crests, ribs
Insertion: Angles of ribs, cervical vertebrae

front 16

Longissimus

back 16

Action: Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, extends head and rotates toward same side
Origin: Vertebral column
Insertion: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae, ribs

front 17

Spinalis

back 17

Action: Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, extends head and rotates toward same side
Origin: Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Thoracic and cervical vertebrae

front 18

External intercostals

back 18

Action: Elevates ribs
Origin: Inferior border of upper rib
Insertion: Superior border of rib below

front 19

Internal intercostals

back 19

Action: Compresses and depresses ribcage
Origin: Superior border of rib below
Insertion: Inferior border of upper rib

front 20

Diaphragm

back 20

Action: Flattens during inspiration
Origin: Internal surface of ribcage and sternum, lower costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Central tendon

front 21

Rectus abdominis

back 21

Action: Flexes and rotates vertebral column
Origin: Pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: Xiphoid process, lower costal cartilages

front 22

External oblique

back 22

Action: Flexes vertebral column, rotates and flexes vertebral column laterally, compresses abdomen
Origin: Lower ribs
Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest, tubercle, iliac crest

front 23

Internal oblique

back 23

Action: Flexes vertebral column, rotates and flexes vertebral column laterally, compresses abdomen
Origin: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest, costal margin, and lower ribs

front 24

Transversus abdominis

back 24

Action: Compresses abdomen
Origin: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower costal cartilages
Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest

front 25

Pectoralis minor

back 25

Action: Fixes ribs, protracts and depresses scapula
Origin: Ribs 3–5
Insertion: Coracoid process

front 26

Serratus anterior

back 26

Action: Rotates scapula
Origin: Ribs 1–8
Insertion: Medial border of
scapula

front 27

Subclavius

back 27

Action: Fixes and depresses pectoral girdle
Origin: Costal cartilage of rib 1
Insertion: Clavicle

front 28

Trapezius

back 28

Action: Fixes, elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula
Origin: Occipital condyle, vertebral column
Insertion: Acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle

front 29

Levator scapulae

back 29

Action: Elevates, adducts scapula
Origin: Vertebral transverse processes
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

front 30

Rhomboids (major, minor)

back 30

Action: Fixes scapula
Origin: Vertebral spinous processes
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

front 31

Pectoralis major

back 31

Action: Flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm
Origin: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
Insertion: Greater tubercle

front 32

Deltoid

back 32

Action: Abducts arm
Origin: Acromion, spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

front 33

Latissimus dorsi

back 33

Action: Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm
Origin: Vertebrae, ribs, iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Humerus

front 34

Subscapularis

(part of rotator cuff)

back 34

Action: Medially rotates arm
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle

front 35

Supraspinatus

(part of rotator cuff)

back 35

Action: Abducts arm
Origin: Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle

front 36

Infraspinatus

(part of rotator cuff)

back 36

Action: Laterally rotates arm
Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle

front 37

Teres minor

(part of rotator cuff)

back 37

Action: Laterally rotates arm
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle

front 38

Teres major

back 38

Action: Extends, medially rotates, adducts arm
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle

front 39

Coracobrachialis

back 39

Action: Flexes, adducts arm
Origin: Coracoid process
Insertion: Humerus

front 40

Triceps brachii

back 40

Action: Extends forearm
Origin: Scapula, humerus
Insertion: Olecranon

front 41

Biceps brachii

back 41

Action: Flexes and supinates forearm
Origin: Coracoid process, glenoid cavity
Insertion: Radial tuberosity

front 42

Brachialis

back 42

Action: Flexes forearm
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process

front 43

Brachioradialis

back 43

Action: Flexes forearm
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Radial styloid process

front 44

Pronator teres

back 44

Action: Pronates forearm
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process
Insertion: Radius

front 45

Flexor carpi radialis

back 45

Action: Flexes wrist, abducts hand
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Second and third metacarpals

front 46

Palmaris longus

back 46

Action: Tenses skin and fascia of palm
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

front 47

Flexor carpi ulnaris

back 47

Action: Flexes wrist, adducts hand
Origin: Medial epicondyle, olecranon
Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, and fifth metacarpal

front 48

Flexor digitorum superficialis

back 48

Action: Flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2–5
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Middle phalanges of fingers 2–5

front 49

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

back 49

Action: Extends and abducts wrist
Insertion: Third metacarpal

front 50

Extensor digitorum

back 50

Action: Extends fingers
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Distal phalanges of fingers 2–5

front 51

Extensor carpi ulnaris

back 51

Action: Extends and adducts wrist
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna
Insertion: Fifth metacarpal

front 52

Thenar Muscles

back 52

Action: Abducts, adducts, flexes, and opposes thumb
Origin: Flexor retinaculum, carpals, metacarpals II–IV
Insertion: Proximal phalanx and metacarpal I

front 53

Hypothenar Muscles

back 53

Action: Abducts, flexes little finger, opposes thumb
Origin: Carpals and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of little finger

front 54

Iliacus

back 54

Action: Flexes thigh at trunk, flexes vertebral column laterally
Origin: Iliac fossa, crest, and sacrum
Insertion: Lesser trochanter

front 55

Psoas major

back 55

Action: Flexes thigh at trunk, flexes vertebral column laterally
Origin: Lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter

front 56

Sartorius

back 56

Action: Flexes, abducts, medially rotates thigh, flexes knee
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial proximal tibia

front 57

Adductor magnus

back 57

Action: Adducts, flexes, extends, medially rotates thigh
Origin: Ischial and pubic rami, ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Linea aspera

front 58

Adductor longus

back 58

Action: Adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera

front 59

Adductor brevis

back 59

Action: Adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera

front 60

Gracilis

back 60

Action: Adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh
Origin: Pubis, ischial ramus
Insertion: Tibia

front 61

Rectus femoris

back 61

Action: Extends knee, flexes thigh
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, acetabulum
Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

front 62

Vastus lateralis

back 62

Action: Extends knee
Origin: Greater trochanter, linea aspera
Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

front 63

Vastus medalis

back 63

Action: Extends knee
Origin: Linea aspera
Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

front 64

Vastus intermedius

back 64

Action: Extends knee
Origin: Proximal shaft of femur
Insertion: Patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

front 65

Gluteus maximus

back 65

Action: Extends thigh
Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract

front 66

Gluteus medius

back 66

Action: Abducts, medially rotates thigh
Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter

front 67

Gluteus minimus

back 67

Action: Abducts, medially rotates thigh
Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter

front 68

Biceps femoris

back 68

Action: Extends thigh, flexes knee
Origin: Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

front 69

Semitendinosus

back 69

Action: Extends thigh, flexes knee
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia

front 70

Semimembranosus

back 70

Action: Extends thigh, flexes knee
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia, lateral condyle of femur

front 71

Tibialis anterior

back 71

Action: Dorsiflexes foot
Origin: Tibia, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Medial cuneiform, metatarsal I

front 72

Extensor digitorum longus

back 72

Action: Extends toes
Origin: Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2–5

front 73

Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis

back 73

Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Metatarsal I, medial cuneiform

front 74

Gastrocnemius

back 74

Action: Plantar flexes foot
Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: Calcaneus

front 75

Soleus

back 75

Action: Plantar flexes foot
Origin: Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Calcaneus

front 76

Flexor digitorum longus

back 76

Action: Plantar flexes and inverts foot, flexes toes
Origin: Posterior tibia
Insertion: Tendon passes behind medial malleolus to distal phalanges of toes 2–5

front 77

Tibialis posterior

back 77

Action: Inverts foot
Origin: Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Tendon passes behind medial malleolus, under arch, to tarsals and metatarsals II–IV