front 1 If transduction does not occur, what do you perceive about a stimulus? | back 1 It is as though the stimulus did not take place and you feel nothing |
front 2 Receptor A has a circular receptive field with a diameter of 2.5cm. Receptor B has a circular receptive field of 7.0cm in diameter. Which receptor allows you to more precisely localize a stimulus? | back 2 Receptor A |
front 3 Distinguishing facts concerning tonic receptors include all of the following except: | back 3 Tonic receptors are active for a short time whenever a change occurs in conditions monitored |
front 4 Which of the following has occurred if you no longer notice the smell of a dirty cat litter box? | back 4 Central adaptation |
front 5 Parkinson's disease manifests which of the following abnormalities? | back 5 Excitatory neurons in the basal nuclei become more active, leading to faulty control of voluntary movements |
front 6 The cerebellum monitors proprioceptive information for which two senses? | back 6 Vestibular and visual |
front 7 Why is cerebellar control over well-practiced movements, such as swinging a baseball bat, important? | back 7 Concentrating on voluntary control using the motor cortex disrupts the pattern and rhythm |
front 8 How many motor neurons are required to conduct an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine? | back 8 Two |
front 9 What physiological changes occur in someone who is confronted by a large, vicious, growling dog? | back 9 Increase in heart rate and blood pressure |
front 10 Which structure contains a modified sympathetic ganglion? | back 10 Adrenal medulla |
front 11 How is the adrenal medulla able to affect target cells throughout the body? | back 11 Epinephrine and norepinephrine act as hormones and travel through capillaries |
front 12 How does a drug that stimulates acetylcholine receptors affect the sympathetic nervous system? | back 12 The drug increases sympathetic activity |
front 13 How does a b blocker mediate high blood pressure? | back 13 The drug prevents sympathetic stimulation |
front 14 Stimulation of b receptors leads to all of the following except ___? | back 14 Constriction of smooth muscle along respiratory passageways |
front 15 Since the sympathetic division travels through T1-L2, how are the organs of the head supplied with sympathetic innervation? | back 15 Preganglionic fibers ascend through the sympathetic trunk to cervical sympathetic ganglia |
front 16 What is the function of the auditory tube? | back 16 it permits equalization of pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane |
front 17 What is the role of the auditory ossicles in hearing? | back 17 They act as levers that conduct vibrations to the inner ear |
front 18 You are attending an incredibly loud rock concert. What is the reaction of your tensor tympani to the noise? | back 18 It contracts to pull the malleus medially and stiffens the tympanic membrane |
front 19 Which structures comprise the major subdivisions of the bony labyrinth? | back 19 Vestibule, three semicircular canals, and the cochlea |
front 20 Which cranial nerve supplies taste buds located in circumvallate papillae? | back 20 Glossopharyngeal nerve |
front 21 Why can corneal transplant surgeries be performed between unrelated individuals without the risk of rejection? | back 21 There are no blood vessels in the cornea, so white blood cells cannot attack the foreign tissue |
front 22 Which of the following is correct concerning the function of the uvea (vascular tunic)? | back 22 It regulated the amount of light entering the eye |
front 23 Which of these statements correctly describes the location of rods and cones on the retina? | back 23 Cones are located at the center of the retina, rods at the periphery |
front 24 Why are rods best suited for night vision? | back 24 Rods have a low threshold for activation |
front 25 How does stimulation of muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscle affect the heart? | back 25 Decreased heart rate |
front 26 Why is the parasympathetic division sometimes referred to as the "anabolic system"? | back 26 Its stimulation increases nutrient content of blood |
front 27 What are the two types of ACh receptors located on postsynaptic membranes of the parasympathetic neurons? | back 27 Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors |
front 28 Which of these are not symptoms of muscarine poisoning? | back 28 High blood pressure and rapid HR |
front 29 What physiological changes occur in an anxious patient who is about to undergo a root canal procedure? | back 29 All of the above |
front 30 Which of the following is correct concerning dual innervation? | back 30 Organs receive information for both sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the ANS |
front 31 Harry has a brain tumor that is interfering with the function of his hypothalamus. Could this tumor interfere with autonomic function? Why or why not? | back 31 Yes; hypothalamus regulates ANS |
front 32 Which of the following is not a characteristic of higher order functions? | back 32 Part of the programmed wiring of the brain |
front 33 As you recall facts while you take your A&P test, which type of memory are you using? | back 33 Short term memory |
front 34 Which of these is a fact pertaining to REM sleep? | back 34 There is intense inhibition of somatic motor neurons |
front 35 How does LSD affect the brain stem, hypothalamuc, and limbic system? What is the result? | back 35 Activated serotonin receptors/hallucinations |
front 36 Why does the smell of formaldehyde seem to dissipate during the time you spend in the dissection lab, yet you are able to detect the cologne of someone who just entered the lab? | back 36 Central adaptation has occurred, though olfactory receptors retain sensitivity to other smells |
front 37 What is the consequence if drainage of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus) is blocked? | back 37 Intraocular pressure increases, leading to glaucoma |
front 38 Which of the following is true of olfactory discrimination? | back 38 There are different types of olfactory receptor cells to detect each type of odorant |
front 39 All of the following are true of olfactory pathways, except | back 39 primary afferents synapse in the olfactory bulb |
front 40 Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors? | back 40 Proprioreception |
front 41 A normal, relaxed inhalation carries about ____ of the inhaled air to the olfactory organs. | back 41 50 percent |
front 42 How would a molecule that mimics cAMP affect an olfactory receptor? | back 42 All of the answers are correct |
front 43 Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of | back 43 decidedly bitter |
front 44 Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following paces | back 44 surface of the tongue |
front 45 An adult has approximately ____ taste buds. | back 45 30,000 |
front 46 All of the following are terms describing the epithelial projections found on the tongue, except | back 46 circumvallate papillae |
front 47 Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerve(s)? | back 47 glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) |
front 48 A patient who experienced head trauma has the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve ____. | back 48 XII |
front 49 Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of | back 49 peppery hot |
front 50 Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places? | back 50 Surface of the tongue |
front 51 An adult has approximately ___ taste buds | back 51 3,000 |
front 52 All of the following are terms describing the epithelial projections found on the tongue, except | back 52 Gustatory papillae |
front 53 Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerve(s)? | back 53 facial nerve (VII), vagus nerve (X), and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) |
front 54 A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve ____. | back 54 V |
front 55 Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? | back 55 peppery |
front 56 The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glucamate is known as | back 56 umami |
front 57 The neural tunic of the eye | back 57 All of the answers are correct |
front 58 The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by | back 58 changing shape |
front 59 The vitreous body | back 59 helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina |
front 60 The space between the cornea and the iris is the | back 60 anterior chamber |
front 61 The shape of the lens is controlled by the | back 61 ciliary muscles |
front 62 The ____ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. | back 62 conjunctiva |
front 63 The ciliary muscle contracts to | back 63 adjust the shape of the lens for near vision |
front 64 Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor? | back 64 excessive production may lead to glaucoma |
front 65 Which of the following description applies to the term myopia? | back 65 nearsightedness |
front 66 A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order? | back 66 conjunctiva->cornea->aqueous humor->lens->vitreous body->retina->choroid |
front 67 The ___ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ____ ear, which contains auditory ossicles | back 67 outer; middle |
front 68 The external acoustic meatus ends at | back 68 the tympanic membrane |
front 69 The auditory ossicles connect the | back 69 tympanic membrane to the oval window |
front 70 The vibration received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the | back 70 auditory ossicles |
front 71 The middle ear communicate with the nasopharynx through the | back 71 auditory tube |
front 72 The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors in the | back 72 inner ear |
front 73 Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the | back 73 utricle and saccule |
front 74 An infection that damages the vestibular nerve could result in a loss of | back 74 equilibrium |
front 75 The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in | back 75 maculae |