front 1 From oneself | back 1 autologous |
front 2 What refers to any type of abnormal heart rhythm | back 2 cardiac dysrhythmias |
front 3 What is the act of manually providing chest compressions and ventilations to patients in cardiac arrest in an effort to provide oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs, and reverse the processes that lead to death | back 3 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
front 4 Compress | back 4 To apply pressure |
front 5 What is the destruction of erythrocytes | back 5 hemolysis |
front 6 What is the arrest of the escape of blood through natural or artificial means | back 6 hemostasis |
front 7 What is a device or agent used as a coagulant | back 7 hemostat |
front 8 What is it called if you are from the same species | back 8 homologous |
front 9 Abnormally high body temperature | back 9 hyperthermia |
front 10 What is a genetically determined blood group antigen that is present on the surface of erythrocytes of some individuals; if the antigen is present the individual is Rh1 (positive) and if absent Rh– (negative) | back 10 Rh (Rhesus) factor |
front 11 What is the act of sucking up air or fluids through a device, such as a tonsil suction tip | back 11 suction |
front 12 When does the body use the process of coagulation
| back 12 hemostasis. As soon as a vessel is injured, a period of vasoconstriction begins, in which the muscular walls of the vessel constrict to help slow the flow of blood |
front 13 What is the most common congenital hemostatic defect that manifests itself as a clotting deficiency. | back 13 Hemophilia
|
front 14 Patients may be requested not to take ...... for 1 week prior to surgery because of its anticoagulant properties. | back 14 aspirin |
front 15 hemostasis can be achieved with the use of several types of devices to control bleeding until a clot forms | back 15 Mechanical Methods |
front 16 What are used to compress the walls of vessels and to grasp tissue | back 16 clamps |
front 17 What is the most commonly used clamp | back 17 Hemostat - curved and straight jaws |
front 18 What are strands of suture material (or ties, referred to as “stick ties” when a needle is attached), used to tie off blood vessels. | back 18 Ligatures |
front 19 What are made of either natural or synthetic material and are designed either to dissolve over a period of time or to remain in the body tissue permanently | back 19 Ligatures |
front 20 What are often used in place of suture ligatures when many small vessels need to be ligated in a short period of time. | back 20 Ligating clips |
front 21 What are made of a nonreactive metal, such as titanium or stainless steel, or plastic material and come in various sizes as well as absorbable or permanent varieties. They are applied either from a manually loaded applicator or from any of several preloaded disposable applicators. | back 21 Clips |
front 22 What are used to apply pressure on bleeding areas or vessels and to absorb excess blood or body fluids | back 22 Sponges |
front 23 What are 4 × 4’s (the size of the sponge) | back 23 Sponges (Raytec) |
front 24 What is also referred to as lap sponges or “tape” sponges due to the radiopaque strand or tape that hangs from the sponge. | back 24 Sponges (Laparotomy Sponges) |
front 25 What is a round sponge | back 25 Sponges (Tonsil) |
front 26 What are cottonoids, are smaller compressed radiopaque sponges used for neurosurgical procedures. | back 26 Sponges (Patties) |
front 27 What are dissecting sponges, which consist of small pieces of tightly rolled gauze | back 27 Sponges (Kitners and peanuts) |
front 28 What is used when bleeding occurs through needle holes in vessel anastomosis, small squares of Teflon are used as buttresses over the suture line. Using suture, these are sewn over the hole in the vessel and exert outside pressure over the small needle holes to prevent bleeding and promote clotting. These are often used in peripheral vascular and cardiovascular surgery. | back 28 Pledgets
|
front 29 What is made of refined and sterilized beeswax, is used on cut edges of bone as a mechanical barrier to seal off oozing blood | back 29 Bone Wax |
front 30 What is used for intraoperative aspiration of blood and body fluids by mechanical means to keep the surgical site clear | back 30 Suction |
front 31 What are used postoperatively to remove blood and body fluids from the operative site to prevent edema and hematoma formation, and aid in removing air in order to prevent dead spaces within the surgical wound. | back 31 Drains |
front 32 The application of external pressure to a vessel,
| back 32 Pressure Device (Stockings) |
front 33 What may be used to prevent venous stasis and deep venous thrombosis | back 33 Prophylactically, pressure devices, such as sequential stockings, |
front 34 What are often used on extremities to keep the operative site free of blood. The provision of a bloodless field makes visualization easier and reduces the operative time. Bleeding must be controlled prior to removal , however, because the use alone does not achieve hemostasis | back 34 Tourniquets |
front 35 What is the maximum time a Tourniquets can be used in surgery to keep the operative site free of blood. | back 35 120 mins max - downtime of 10 mins |
front 36 What is the most common means of obtaining hemostasis during a surgical procedure | back 36 Thermal Hemostasis |
front 37 What is the most commonly used thermal hemostatic device. The components are the active electrode or Bovie pencil, electrosurgical or generator unit (ESU), and inactive or dispersive electrode, also called the grounding pad | back 37 Electrosurgery |
front 38 What provides an intense and concentrated beam of light that is able to cut and coagulate tissue at the same time with very little surrounding tissue destruction. | back 38 Laser |
front 39 What involves the use of argon gas in combination with monopolar electrical energy in the form of a noncontact, white light beam. It provides rapid hemostasis that travels from a generator to a pencil-like hand-piece. There is little to no tissue adherence since the hand piece does not come in direct contact with the tissue that is bleeding. There is less charring of the tissue compared to the ESU. | back 39 Argon Plasma Coagulation |
front 40 What consists of a single-use titanium blade attached to a hand piece and a portable generator that cuts and coagulates tissue. | back 40 Ultrasonic (Harmonic) Scalpel |
front 41 What is a medical device, intended for application to bleeding surfaces as a hemostatic | back 41 Absorbable gelatin (Gelfoam®)
|
front 42 What pharmacological agent accelerates clot formation by enhancing platelet aggregation and the release of proteins to form fibrin, resulting in hemostasis. | back 42 Collagen (Avitene®)
|
front 43 What pharmacological agent are absorbable hemostats are composed of oxidized regenerated cellulose and are sterile, absorbable knitted fabrics that are flexible and adhere readily to bleeding surfaces | back 43 Oxidized cellulose (Nu-Knit®; Surgi-Cel®)
|
front 44 What pharmacological agent is used as a cauterizing agent, and is also used to cauterize superficial blood vessels in the nose to help prevent nose bleeds. Can also help with shaving cuts. | back 44 Silver nitrate
|
front 45 What pharmacological agent acts as a vasoconstrictor, antispasmodic, and sympathomimetic, and it is used as an emergency heart stimulant as well as to relieve symptoms in allergic conditions such as urticaria (hives), asthma and anaphylactic shock | back 45 Epinephrine
|
front 46 What pharmacological agent activates platelets and catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which are the steps that are essential for blood clot formation. | back 46 Thrombin
|
front 47 What is monitored by several means intraoperative to aid the surgeon and anesthesia provider | back 47 Blood loss |
front 48 What are used between the suction tubing and the vacuum source to collect and monitor the amount of blood and body fluids suctioned from the field. | back 48 Calibrated suction devices (canisters) |
front 49 Who should keep close track of the amount of irrigation fluids used; the amount of irrigation fluid used is subtracted from the total volume of fluid in the canister to give a more accurate measurement of blood loss. | back 49 The surgical technologist |
front 50 What does the circulator do to keep track of blood loss? | back 50 Weigh bloody sponges |
front 51 What involves the administration of whole blood or blood components such as plasma, packed red blood cells, or platelets via an intravenous (IV) line. This is used to increase the circulating blood volume, to increase the number of red blood cells, and to provide plasma-clotting factors. | back 51 Blood replacement |
front 52 What do we call a blood product from the same species | back 52 homologous |
front 53 What do we call a blood product from oneself | back 53 autologous |
front 54 What do we call a blood product that is the patient’s own blood, which has been processed for reinfusion. | back 54 auto transfusion |
front 55 What is important when using homologous banks to prevent transfusion reactions. | back 55 blood typing and cross-matching |
front 56 What are the four main blood types | back 56 A, B, O, and AB
|
front 57 If you have group O blood who can you donate blood to, and receive blood from | back 57 Universal donor
|
front 58 If you have group A blood who can you donate blood to and receive blood from | back 58 Can donate red blood cells to A's and AB's
|
front 59 If you have group B blood who can you donate blood to and receive blood from | back 59 Can donate red blood cells to B's and AB's
|
front 60 If you have group AB blood who can you donate blood to and receive blood from | back 60 Can donate to AB's but can receive from all others
|
front 61 What is a genetically determined blood group antigen that is present on the surface of erythrocytes of some individuals; if the antigen is present the individual is Rh1 (positive) and if absent Rh– (negative) | back 61 Rh (Rhesus) factor |
front 62 What could happen if blood given to an Rh-negative individual is Rh positive, .............occurs, leading to anemia | back 62 hemolysis |
front 63 what should happen if the blood replacement products are not to be used immediately, | back 63 Stored in arefrigerator at a temperature between 1° and 6°C (33.8°–42.8°F). |
front 64 How many individuals should perform the identification of blood replacement products. Qualified individuals are the surgical technologist, registered nurse, surgeon, and anesthesia provider. | back 64 two individuals |
front 65 Which system may not be used if blood that has been exposed to collagen hemostatic agents and certain antibiotics cannot be used with these devices, as blood may coagulate in the system. If the procedure involves blood exposed to gastric or enteric contents or amniotic fluid, it may not be salvaged, and blood may not be used when the patient has a known local or systemic infection | back 65 Auto transfusion via a cell saver or cell salvager machine |
front 66 What may develop if blood is not properly matched including Rh factor prior to transfusion | back 66 hemolytic transfusion reaction |
front 67 What may be fatal and must be treated immediately. | back 67 Severe hemolytic reactions |
front 68 If the patient is conscious and starts to exhibit fatigue and complain of lack of energy, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, pounding of the heart, skin appearing jaundiced and pallor, especially in the palms of the hands they may be suffering from | back 68 Symptoms of Hemolytic Reactions |
front 69 What refers to any type of abnormal heart rhythm | back 69 cardiac dysrhythmia |
front 70 Prior to surgery, the surgeon or anesthesia provider should be notified immediately if any of these indicators of an emergency situation arise: | back 70 Difficulty breathing
|
front 71 The first priority in any emergency situation is to check for and provide a patent | back 71 airway to ensure or restore respiratory status and breathing |
front 72 The second priority in any emergency situation is to check ............. it should be maintained or restored and hemostasis should be provided to maintain circulatory status | back 72 cardiovascular status |
front 73 After the 1st & 2nd priorities in any emergency situation is taken care of these items should be next ...... | back 73 Chest injuries
|
front 74 What concept applied to both in-hospital and out-of-hospital arrests addresses the ABCs—airway, breathing, and circulation—as well as providing the “D,” definitive treatment. Successful resuscitation requires | back 74 A chain-of-survival |
front 75 What is to be applied to CPR. The recommendation is at least 100 compressions per minute. The depth of compression for adults has changed from a depth of 1½ inches to 2 inches to a consistent depth of 2 inches | back 75 The new concept of “push hard, push fast” |
front 76 The surgical tech must protect the sterile field from contamination during which emergency in the OR | back 76 resuscitation from cardiac arrest |
front 77 What is a pathological process in the body that occurs when blood begins to coagulate within the body. | back 77 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |
front 78 What can cause Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | back 78 •Infection of the blood by bacteria or fungus
|
front 79 What is an important symptom of an anaphylactic reactions | back 79 Hives or urticaria may be present on the skin with severe itching |
front 80 What would cause the patient to die of respiratory failure if his airway was not protected, along with the symptoms of vascular collapse and shock to prevent death from cardiovascular failure. | back 80 Anaphylactic reaction (shock) |
front 81 What is the first-line drug in the treatment of a severe anaphylactic reaction. Causes bronchodilation, reduces laryngeal spasm, and raises blood pressure. | back 81 Epinephrine |
front 82 What is an all-encompassing term that refers to the many different emergencies | back 82 all-hazards preparation |
front 83 What are defined as those that require the emergency response of outside assistance, which may be at the local, county, state, or federal levels. | back 83 Emergencies |
front 84 What provides a template for generalized training and emergency preparation that can be applied to all disaster situations rather than training that is focused on a limited number of local or regional types of emergencies. | back 84 the term “all-hazards preparation” is used |
front 85 What is the most common type of disaster? | back 85 Natural disasters |
front 86 What is the term for the number in degrees Fahrenheit that tells you how hot it feels when relative humidity is added to the air temperature. Exposure to full sunshine can increase the heat index by 15 degrees F | back 86 Heat index |
front 87 What are muscular pains and spasms due to activity; often first sign/reaction by the body to the heat. | back 87 Heat cramps |
front 88 What is a result of exercising or working for a period of time in a hot, humid place and body fluids are lost at a great rate through sweating without replacement. | back 88 Heat exhaustion |
front 89 What is a life-threatening condition where the patient’s internal temperature control system stops working. The body temperature can rapidly increase, causing neurological damage as well as leading to death if not immediately treated | back 89 Heat stroke |
front 90 One of the more powerful natural disasters are ........... that produce an incredible amount of energy when two portions of the earth’s crust slide by one another | back 90 earthquakes |
front 91 What can be created by a serious earthquake or by the underwater eruption of a volcano | back 91 Tsunamis |
front 92 What can cause respiratory complications and damage the lungs as well as cause serious burns after a natural disaster | back 92 volcanic ash |
front 93 Tropical storms can lead to hurricanes; a storm is officially classified as a hurricane when the sustained wind speed is | back 93 74 mph |
front 94 What type of agent is a “Blister agents,” commonly known as mustard gas. | back 94 Vesicants |
front 95 What type of agent is the most toxic of known chemical agents; often cause death in minutes due to respiratory obstruction and cardiac failure. | back 95 Nerve agent |
front 96 What are these symptoms relating to Rhinorrhea, extreme difficulty breathing, apnea, seizure, paralysis, loss of consciousness | back 96 Nerve agent symptoms |
front 97 What are these symptoms relating to Skin blisters and burning of the skin and eyes, airway injury causing difficulty in breathing, conjunctivitis that varies in severity | back 97 Vesicants symptoms |
front 98 What is the most common agents are phosgene and diphosgene. Cause severe irritation of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. | back 98 Choking agents |
front 99 What are these symptoms relating to Pulmonary edema; eye, nose, and throat irritations; choking; coughing; tightness in the chest; development of fatal pulmonary edema during 2- to 24-hour period | back 99 Choking agents symptoms |
front 100 What term refers to the intentional use of infectious agents, or germs, to cause illness | back 100 Bioterrorism |
front 101 Which six diseases has the CDC identified as the highest risk to nations | back 101 Botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers |
front 102 Which two diseases did the CDC identified as the two most likely biological agents to be uses as bioweapons | back 102 Anthrax and smallpox |
front 103 Who provides a national model for coordinating the emergency response of governments, public health sector, private agencies, and nongovernmental organizations to any type and size of disaster. | back 103 National Incident Management System (NIMS) |
front 104 What is the name of the Community agency that has the lead management and coordinating authority in response to an emergency | back 104 Local Emergency Management Agency (LEMA) |
front 105 What is the name of the management system set up by LEMA to coordinate the response to a disaster; ensures all responders know their roles and duties, and whom to report to | back 105 Incident Command System (ICS) |
front 106 Who is a division of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and is the lead federal agency during a nationally declared emergency and coordinates providing treatment to victims and food and shelter at the emergency scene. | back 106 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) |
front 107 What system is responsible for sending medical equipment, supplies, and teams to the disaster scene. Also assists with the transportation needs (e.g., transport injured and sick patients to hospitals). | back 107 National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) |
front 108 Who requires health care facilities to practice their EAP at least twice a year, and to have an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) in place | back 108 The Joint Commission |
front 109 What mirrors the local ICS; it has a chain of command that specifies the roles of HCPs | back 109 Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) |
front 110 The ........... should include memorandums of understanding (MOUs) that are agreements with other health care facilities to receive patients during an evacuation situation | back 110 EAP Emergency Action Plan |
front 111 What is the process of sorting victims according to their injuries and physiological status in order to maximize the medical resources that are available | back 111 Triage |
front 112 Surgical technologists may complete training in performing triage and/or serve in support roles such as providing ...... | back 112 BLS/CPR, first aid treatment, and transporting patients. |
front 113 •The individual performing the triage of patients should follow some basic guidelines | back 113 •She or he does not provide patient care
|
front 114 What is a popular system of triage | back 114 “Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment” (START) |
front 115 What four categories in which to place patients does START use | back 115 DIME (Delayed, Immediate, Minimal, Expectant). |
front 116 What color tag is
| back 116 Minor—Green Tag |
front 117 What color tag is
| back 117 Delayed—Yellow Tag |
front 118 What color tag is
| back 118 Immediate—Red Tag |
front 119 What color tag is
| back 119 Expectant—Black Tag |
front 120 Which type of triage of chemical and nuclear disaster is a central area where the disaster occurred. Level A PPE should be worn. Patient is quickly assessed for airway patency and severe hemorrhage | back 120 Hot zone |
front 121 Which type of triage of chemical and nuclear disaster is a zone where patients are quickly triaged into the four categories. | back 121 Warm zone |
front 122 Which type of triage of chemical and nuclear disaster is a zone where patients are evaluated for injuries secondary to severe injuries and transported to a facility | back 122 Cold zone |
front 123 What is a temporary site for providing vaccines and medicines to a large population, called mass prophylaxis. | back 123 Point of Distribution (POD) |
front 124 What is the name for the storage of medications and vaccines that are divided into push packs; push packs are containers with the medications and vaccines that can be quickly shipped to the disaster scene | back 124 Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) |
front 125 What is the name of the system to pre-register health professional volunteers who can respond to an emergency within their state and out of state | back 125 Emergency System for the Advanced Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals (ESAR-VHP) |
front 126 What is the name for local emergency teams that can provide preparation and basic response such as fire safety, basic first aid, and search and rescue. | back 126 Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) |