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  1. Print the notecards
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  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

21 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Exercise 12: The Fetal Skeleton

front 1

Are the same skull bones seen in the adult also found in the fetal skull?

back 1

No, some areas still remain to be converted to bone.

front 2

How does the size of the fetal face compare to its cranium?

back 2

Face is smaller

front 3

How does this compare to the adult skull?

back 3

Adult skull is 1/8th total body length whereas the fetal skull is 1/4th total body length

front 4

What are the outward conical projections on some of the fetal cranial bones?

back 4

These are ossification centers

front 5

What is a fontanel?

back 5

Fibrous membranes between the bones of a fetal skull

front 6

What is its fate? (fontanel)

back 6

becomes bone by 22 months

front 7

What is the function of the fontanels in the fetal skull?

back 7

Allows skull to be compressed during birth and allows for brain growth during late fetal life.

front 8

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

vertebrae

back 8

Fetus=33 Adult=24

The 5 sacral and 4 coccyx bones of the fetus fuse together - that's why adults only have 24

front 9

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

coxal bones

back 9

In the adult skeleton the coxal bones have fused (ischium, pubic, and ilium), while in the fetal skeleton these bones have not fused.

front 10

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

carpals and tarsals

back 10

The carpals and tarsals are not ossified in the fetus.

front 11

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

sternum

back 11

Its component parts are not fused in the fetus.

front 12

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

frontal bone

back 12

The frontal bone is split at the midsaggital line at the metopic suture. In adults, the suture closes, creating a solid bone.

front 13

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

patella

back 13

May be absent in the fetus; if present it is unossified.

Quite a bit softer and smaller in the fetus. The kneecap develops throughout childhood and into mid-teens.

front 14

Describe how the fetal skeleton compares with the adult skeleton in the following areas:

thoracic cage

back 14

In a fetus the rib cage is compressed laterally froming a pointed anterior rib cage surface.
The thorax becomes more rigid with age, costal cartilages ossify

front 15

How does the size of the fetus's head compare to the size of its body?

back 15

it is much larger leaving the body look too small; than if you compare an adult head to its body it seems to have better proportion.

front 16

back 16

front 17

back 17

Fetal Skeleton (Image)

front 18

back 18

front 19

back 19

front 20

back 20

front 21

back 21