front 1 Below L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called a. the terminal filum b. the descending tracts c. the gracile fasciculus d. the medullary cone e. the cauda equina | back 1 the cauda equina |
front 2 The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves except. a. the axillary nerve. b. the radial nerve c. the obturator nerve d. the median nerve e. the ulnar nerve | back 2 the obturator nerve |
front 3 Nerve fibers adjust the tension in a muscle spindle are called a. intrafusal fibers b. extrafusal fibers c. alpha motor neurons d. gamma motor neurons e. anulospiral fibers | back 3 gamma motor neurons |
front 4 A stretch reflex requires the action of ______ to prevent an antagonistic muscle from interfering with the agonist a. gamma motor neurons b. a withdrawal reflex c. a crossed extension reflex d. reciprocal inhibition e. a contralateral reflex | back 4 reciprocal inhibition |
front 5 A patient has a gunshot wound that caused a bone fragment to nick the spinal cord. The patient now feels no pain or temperature sensations from that level of the body down. Most likely, the ------- was damaged. a. gracile fasciculus b. medial lemniscus c. tectospinal tract d. lateral corticospinal tract e. spinothalamic tract | back 5 spinothalamic tract |
front 6 Which of these is not a region of the spinal cord? a. cervical b. thoracic c. pelvic d. lumbar e. sacral | back 6 pelvic |
front 7 In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in a. the cauda equine b. the posterior horns c. the anterior horns. d. the posterior root ganglia e. the fasciculi | back 7 the anterior horns |
front 8 The outermost connective tissue wrapping of a nerve is called the a. epineurium b. perineurium c. endoneurium d. arachnoid mater e. dura mater | back 8 epineurium |
front 9 The intercostal nerves between the ribs arise from which spinal nerve plexus? a. cervical b. brachial c. lumbar d. sacral e. none of them | back 9 none of them |
front 10 All somatic reflexes share all of the following properties except a. they are quick b. they are monosynaptic c. the require stimulation d. the are involuntary e. they are stereotyped | back 10 they are monosynaptic |
front 11 Outside the CNS, the somas of neurons are clustered in swellings called-------. | back 11 ganglia |
front 12 Distal to the intervertebral foramen, a spinal nerve branches into an anterior and posterior ----. | back 12 ramus |
front 13 The cerebellum receives feedback from the muscles and joints by way of the ----- tracts of the spinal cord. | back 13 spinocerbellar |
front 14 In the ----- reflex, contraction of flexor muscles in one limb is accompanied by the contraction of extensor muscles in the contralateral limb. | back 14 crossed extension |
front 15 Modified muscle fibers serving primarily to detect stretch are called -----. | back 15 intrafusal fibers |
front 16 The ----- nerves arise from the cervical plexus and innervate the diaphragm | back 16 phrenic |
front 17 The crossing of a nerve fiber or tract from the right side of the CNS to the left, or vice versa, is called -----. | back 17 decussation |
front 18 The nonvisual awareness of the body's position an movements is called ------. | back 18 proprioception |
front 19 The ----- ganglion contains the somas of neurons that carry sensory signals to the spinal cord. | back 19 posterior root |
front 20 The sciatic nerve is composite of two nerves, the ----- and -----. | back 20 tibial and common fibular |
front 21 Where does the spinal cord end? | back 21 Region of L1 and slightly beyond |
front 22 Cervical Enlargement | back 22 inferior cervical region, gives rise to nerves of the upper limbs |
front 23 Lumbar enlargement | back 23 the lumbosacral region, where nerves to the pelvic region and lower limbs arise |
front 24 Comus medullaris | back 24 inferior to the lumbar enlargement, the cord tapers to a point |
front 25 Filum termindale | back 25 Within the lumbar cistern, at the level of vertebra S2, it exits the lower end of the cistern, fuses with the dura mater, and the two form a coccygeal ligament that anchors the cord and meninges to vertebrae column |
front 26 Cauda equina | back 26 a bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5; resembles a horse's tail, innervates the pelvic organs and lower limbs. |
front 27 Gray matter - Horns | back 27 (posterior or anterior horn) has a relatively dull color because it contains little myelin somas, dendrites and proximal parts of the axons of neurons |
front 28 White matter | back 28 (posterior, later, and anterior column) has a bright pearly with appearance, which it gets from an abundance of myelin |
front 29 What is the central canal | back 29 Located in the middle of the commissure which is collapsed in most area of the adult spinal cord, but in some places (and in young children) remains open, lined with ependymal cells, and filled with CSF) |