front 1 Physical design of surgery department | back 1 Easily accessible to ICU, ED, L&D
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front 2 Basic design types of surgery include: | back 2 Race Track Plan
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front 3 The “race track” plan | back 3 Series of OR's around a clean core, the front entrance to each OR is from the outer corridor, and supplies are retrieved through a rear entrance to the room leading to the central-core storage and work areas. |
front 4 The “hotel plan” | back 4 ORs are situated along a central corridor, with separate clean core and soiled work areas. All traffic enters and exits the surgery department through a single entrance or a primary entrance and holding area entrance situated along the same corridor. |
front 5 The “specialty grouping” plan | back 5 ORs are grouped by specialty (e.g., neurosurgery, general surgery), each with its own closely associated clean storage areas and, in some cases, each with its own soiled instrument work area. |
front 6 Room that typically contains sinks for gross decontamination, an ultrasonic washer, and a washer-sterilizer to decontaminate instruments and equipment | back 6 decontamination room |
front 7 The standard size of an OR has traditionally been at least | back 7 400–600 ft2 |
front 8 OR that is specifically designed for trauma patients may be at least | back 8 800 ft2 |
front 9 The majority of ORs contain both | back 9 110-volt and 220-volt outlets |
front 10 What are designated in red and are connected to the hospital’s backup generator system in case of power outage | back 10 Emergency outlets |
front 11 Each OR must have at least .....suction outlets | back 11 Two
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front 12 What color is the outlet for compressed air | back 12 yellow |
front 13 What color is the outlet for oxygen | back 13 green |
front 14 What color is the outlet for nitrous oxide | back 14 blue |
front 15 Surgical lights should be freely adjustable in both the | back 15 horizontal and vertical planes |
front 16 What are routinely displayed on the view boxes | back 16 Radiographs, isotope, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
front 17 Points in the operating table that indicate where a section can be moved up or down | back 17 Breakpoints at the knee, waist, and head |
front 18 The operating table is maneuvered by an electrical control system by either the | back 18 circulator or anesthesia provider |
front 19 Many procedures are .... critical | back 19 time |
front 20 Surgical equipment ...... are ceiling-mounted, articulating arms that contain a variety of surgical equipment, such as electrical, gas, and communication devices. | back 20 Booms |
front 21 OR should be equipped with a standard set of furniture | back 21 Operating table
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front 22 Large movable table that is covered with a sterile drape for placement of sterile instruments, supplies, and equipment for surgical procedures | back 22 Back table |
front 23 Small portable stand with a tray on top that is covered with a sterile drape and on which the instruments, equipment, and supplies that are most frequently used for the surgical procedure are placed; it is most often positioned over the patient’s legs | back 23 Mayo stands |
front 24 A stand that is designed with one or two circular bands at the top to hold sterile basins | back 24 Ring stands |
front 25 The walls of the OR should have the following characteristics | back 25 Nonglare
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front 26 In some cases, such as cardiac cases, these basins may be used to hold a sterile ice/slush solution for hypothermia in the absence of a slush machine. | back 26 Ring stand basins |
front 27 The unidirectional positive-pressure flow of air that captures microbes to be filtered | back 27 laminar air flow |
front 28 The ventilation system in the OR should | back 28 provide a supply of clean air; remove airborne contamination that is produced within the room; remove waste anesthetic gases, toxic fumes, and vapors; and provide a comfortable working environment for surgical personnel. |
front 29 Transported or spread by air; the surgical technologist is primarily concerned with airborne bacteria | back 29 airborne bacteria |
front 30 A 1940's studied lead to the creation of | back 30 positive-pressure air supply in the OR |
front 31 What airflow she be created in the OR | back 31 positive laminar air flow, a unidirectional positive-pressure flow of air that captures microbes to be filtered. This means that the air pressure in the OR is kept by ventilation at a higher level than that of the surrounding corridors |
front 32 How many air changes should there be in the OR | back 32 A minimum of 15 per hour with a recommended range of 20 to 25 per hour. |
front 33 Filter that is capable of removing bacteria as small as 0.5–5 mm; utilized in the operating room to aid in preventing the patient from acquiring a postoperative wound infection | back 33 High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters |
front 34 CDC guidelines recommend that at least .... of the air change per hour be from fresh outside air. | back 34 20% |
front 35 The temperature in the OR is kept between | back 35 68° and 73°F. |
front 36 The recommended range for relative humidity is | back 36 20% to 60% |
front 37 In which room is this statement reffering to - Positive air pressure is defeated in this case because adjacent rooms also are under this same system. | back 37 Substerile area |
front 38 This is the area the patient is directed and admitted to on arrival at the hospital. | back 38 Preoperative or “Same-Day” Check-in Unit |
front 39 A designated room where patients wait within the surgery department before entering the OR | back 39 Preoperative holding area |
front 40 What happens in a pre-op room | back 40 IV's can be inserted
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front 41 Area where immediate postoperative care of the patient takes place before transfer to the hospital room or ICU | back 41 postanesthesia care unit (PACU) |
front 42 What is performed in the PACU when the patient has regained consciousness and can breathe unassisted. | back 42 extu-bation - same day surgery |
front 43 PACU cubicle has the following equipment for patient care: | back 43 Pulse oximeter
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front 44 The individual responsible for running and maintaining the cardiopulmonary bypass machine during open heart procedures | back 44 perfusionists |
front 45 What is a study of moving body structures—similar to an X-ray "movie." | back 45 Fluoroscopy |
front 46 Other departments have little awareness of aseptic principles and techniques, and it is therefore the duty of the .........to supervise personnel movement around the sterile field | back 46 surgical technologist |
front 47 Process by which energy either directly or indirectly induces ionization of radiation-absorbing material or tissues; X-rays | back 47 ionizing radiation |
front 48 It important for surgical technologists to wear | back 48 lead shields such as leaded aprons and/or thyroid shields to prevent exposure to ionizing radiation |
front 49 The department responsible for testing and processing specimens, tissues, and body fluids to obtain a diagnosis | back 49 pathology department |
front 50 Permanent specimens are usually sent to the pathology laboratory in | back 50 formalin solutions and frozen sections are sent dry. |
front 51 Guidelines established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reduce the risk of disease transmission from blood and body fluids | back 51 Standard Precautions |
front 52 Noise, ionizing radiation, electricity, injury to the body, fire, explosion, and injuries from sharps | back 52 Physical hazards |
front 53 Laser and electrosurgical plume pathogens found in body fluids, latex sensitivity | back 53 Biological hazards |
front 54 Disinfecting agents, waste anesthetic gases, and vapors and fumes from chemical agents | back 54 Chemical hazards |
front 55 Organization whose mission is to reduce the frequency of fires through the establishment of fire prevention standards, research, and public fire safety education. | back 55 National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) |
front 56 Organization whose responsibilities are similar to OSHA but tends to be more research oriented in establishing permissible exposure limits (PELs) for chemical vapors and gases. ****It is an arm of the CDC that is under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. | back 56 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
front 57 Organization who promote and facilitate voluntary consensus standards in technical fields. An example is the laser safety standard that is intended for use by all health care facilities that use lasers in the treatment of patients | back 57 American National Standards Institute ANSI |
front 58 Similar to ANSI, it is also an organization of industry experts who develop and provide voluntary consensus standards for medical equipment by testing the equipment. | back 58 American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM |
front 59 Organization that establishes standards in the health care field, including sterilization, electrical safety, levels of device safety, and use of medical devices. | back 59 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation AAMI |
front 60 What emits a blue-white beam that still adequately illuminates the surgical site yet produces little glare and approximates the color intensities of normal sunlight | back 60 Surgical lights |
front 61 Back injury and/or pain is usually the result of | back 61 Lifting with the back bowed out
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front 62 Proper body mechanics helps prevent injury and discomfort | back 62 Stand with legs approximately shoulder width apart
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front 63 The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) recommends | back 63 a 25-pound weight limit on instrument trays and sets |
front 64 Nitrous oxide, which itself is nonflammable, supports combustion in the presence of | back 64 oxygen |
front 65 Three components of fire: | back 65 fuel, source of ignition, and oxygen |
front 66 Sources of ignition | back 66 electrosurgery, electrocautery, lasers, fiber-optic light sources, defibrillators, sparks from dental or orthopedic burs, or sparks from metal hitting metal (e.g., two metal retractors coming into contact) |
front 67 Fuel that can start a fire | back 67 flammable chemical gas, vapor, or liquid such as ethyl alcohol and skin prep solutions containing isopropyl alcohol; surgical drapes; disposable surgical supplies |
front 68 laser is an acronym for | back 68 “light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation.” |
front 69 The process in which light energy is produced and the device that generates the laser energy or beam | back 69 Laser |
front 70 Fire prevention is critical during laser surgery. The surgical team must be aware of the precautions to follow to prevent a fire, and supplies needed | back 70 Sterile water - keep sponges wet
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front 71 The anesthesia provider must use a ....... . During oral or laryngeal surgery, when a laser is in use | back 71 nonexplosive anesthetic agent |
front 72 Patient precautions for laser use surgery | back 72 The patient’s hair should be covered with wet sponges or towels to prevent ignition if close to the laser site. The patient should be given preoperative instructions not to use hair spray that can easily ignite |
front 73 Nd:YAG laser is absorbed by and damages the retina, causing. | back 73 blindness |
front 74 the CO2 laser is absorbed by the corneal and can cause | back 74 corneal burns |
front 75 Mechanical device that produces an electric current that is converted into thermal energy (heat) for the purpose of cutting or coagulating tissue | back 75 electrosurgical unit (Bovie)
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front 76 Used in ENT cases, must not be pointed at drapes as it can smolder and set on fire | back 76 Fiberoptic Beam |
front 77 Pressurized water; suitable for fires involving solid materials, e.g., wood, paper, or textiles | back 77 Class A |
front 78 Carbon dioxide or dry chemical for fires involving flammable liquids, oils, and gas | back 78 Class B |
front 79 Halon for electrical or laser fires | back 79 Class C |
front 80 The PASS mnemonic is used when operating a fire extinguisher | back 80 Pull
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front 81 The three main concerns if a fire should occur in the OR are to | back 81 Protect the patient
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front 82 RACE | back 82 Remove/Rescue
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front 83 Who has developed safety standards for electrical equipment used in the OR | back 83 AAMI and The Joint Commission |
front 84 What prevents the passage of the electrical current through the patient by directing the current to the ground, | back 84 Grounding |
front 85 If the patient return electrode is not firmly affixed, the patient could suffer | back 85 first-, second-, or third-degree electrical burns |
front 86 What are two processes by which static charge buildup can occur | back 86 Friction between two surfaces; the second is by proximity to an electrostatic field. |
front 87 The three most important factors to remember concerning the safety of the surgical technologist and ionizing radiation are | back 87 Time, shielding, distance |
front 88 If fluoroscopy will be used throughout the surgical procedure what should the ST wear | back 88 The lead apron is worn under the sterile gown and must be donned prior to scrubbing. |
front 89 Surgical technologists who are a part of the sterile team and cannot leave the room should stand | back 89 6 ft or more from the patient, avoiding the direct beam of ionizing radiation. Stand behind the x-ray machine if possible, behind a portable lead screen, or behind someone wearing a lead shield. |
front 90 Standard Precautions were defined by the | back 90 CDC in 1996 |
front 91 Standard Precautions apply to | back 91 blood and all body fluids, secretions, and excretions
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front 92 Two basic microbiological concepts govern the transmission of disease: | back 92 A sufficient number of microorganisms must be present in order to cause infection.
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front 93 Prevention of a disease or condition | back 93 prophylaxis |
front 94 HIV PEP The patient is evaluated for HIV infection, viral load, and risk factors for infection | back 94 PEP should not be delayed while information is gathered. It is better to start PEP and stop it later than not to have started it within the time window recommended. |
front 95 What has been shown to prevent HIV transmission in humans (as of this writing). | back 95 zidovudine (ZDV) |
front 96 PEP follow-up counseling and postexposure testing and evaluation | back 96 should be performed at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postexposure. |
front 97 Studies have not been conclusive but have proved that the laser plume contains | back 97 water, carbonized particles, and intact strands of DNA |
front 98 When the tip is held within 1 cm of the impact site, | back 98 approximately 98% of the plume is removed. If this is moved to 2cm then this is cut in half |
front 99 Two types of latex allergic responses have been identified: . | back 99 Type I and Type IV |
front 100 Which is the least serious latex allergy | back 100 Type IV is the less serious, more localized reaction characterized by skin irritation and discomfort. |
front 101 Type I latex allergy | back 101 is immu-noglobulin E (IgE) mediated and is the most serious reaction, possibly leading to respiratory arrest |
front 102 Chronic exposure to anesthesia gases could pose health hazards such as . | back 102 cancer, hepatic and renal complications, nerve and brain damage, and spontaneous abortion |
front 103 Chemical compound composed of a mixture of liquid and powder used for cementing prostheses during total joint arthroplasties; also referred to as bone cement | back 103 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) |
front 104 PPMA The vapors released from the mixture | back 104 are noxious and irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can damage soft contact lenses, thus damaging the eyes |
front 105 It is known to be a mutagen, a carcinogen, and toxic to the liver. Both OSHA and NIOSH have established standards for the permissible exposure limits (PEL) in the surgery department | back 105 Formalin |
front 106 Exposure to the gas can cause nausea, vomiting, and vertigo
| back 106 Ethylene Oxide |