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65 notecards = 17 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Exercise 10: The Axial Skeleton

front 1

Frontal

back 1

Forehead bone

front 2

Zygomatic

back 2

Cheekbone

front 3

Mandible

back 3

Lower jaw bone

front 4

Nasals

back 4

Bridge of nose

front 5

Palatines

back 5

Posterior part of hard plate

front 6

Parietals

back 6

Much of the lateral and superior cranium

front 7

Occipital

back 7

Most posterior part of cranium

front 8

Sphenoid

back 8

Single, irregular, bat- shaped bone, forming part of the cranial floor

front 9

Lacrimals

back 9

Tiny bones, bearing tear ducts

front 10

Maxillae

back 10

Anterior part of hard plate

front 11

Ethmoid

back 11

Superior and middle nasal conchae formed from its projections

front 12

Temporals

back 12

Site of mastoid process

front 13

Sphenoid

back 13

Site of sella turcica

front 14

Ethmoid

back 14

Site of cribriform plate

front 15

Mandible

back 15

Site of mental foremen

front 16

Temporals

back 16

Site of styloid process

front 17

Ethmoid, Frontal, Maxillae, Sphenoid

back 17

Four bones, containing paranasal sinuses

front 18

Occipital

back 18

condyles articulate with the atlas

front 19

Occipital

back 19

Foramen magnum contained here

front 20

hyoid

back 20

small U-shaped bone in neck, where many tongue muscles attach

front 21

Temporals

back 21

Middle ear found here

front 22

Vomer

back 22

Nasal septum

front 23

Ethmoid

back 23

Bears an upward protrusion, the " cock's comb", or crista galli

front 24

mandible, maxilla

back 24

contain alveoli bearing teeth

front 25

back 25

front 26

back 26

front 27

back 27

front 28

back 28

front 29

Define suture

back 29

All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints.

front 30

With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception.

back 30

With the exception of 2 paired bones (the parietal and temporal), are all single bones.

front 31

What bones are connected by the lambdoid suture?

back 31

connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone

front 32

What bones are connected by the squamous suture?

back 32

temporal and parietal bones on each side of the skull.

front 33

Name the eight bones composing the cranium.

back 33

frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid

front 34

Give two possible functions of the sinuses:

back 34

They lighten the facial bones and act as resonance chambers for speech.

front 35

What is the orbit?

back 35

Eye Socket

front 36

What bones contribute to the formation of the orbit?

back 36

Frontal bone, maxilla, lacrimal, ethnoid, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic.

front 37

Why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial floor?

back 37

Since it is in contact with all of the other cranial bones.

front 38

cervical vertebra - typical

back 38

vertebral type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain

front 39

axis

back 39

dens here provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra (C1)

front 40

thoracic vertebra

back 40

transverse processes faceted for articulation with ribs, spinous process pointing sharply downward

front 41

sacrum

back 41

composite bone, articulates with the hip bone laterally

front 42

lumbar vertebra

back 42

massive vertebrae, weight sustaining

front 43

coccyx

back 43

"tail bone:; vestigial fused vertebrae

front 44

atlas

back 44

supports the head; allows a rocking motion in the conjunction with the occipital condyles

front 45

vertebral foramen

back 45

cavity enclosing the spinal cord

front 46

body

back 46

weight bearing portion of the vertebra

front 47

spinous process & transverse process

back 47

provide levers against which muscles pull

front 48

body & transverse process

back 48

provides an articulation point for the ribs

front 49

intervertebral foramina

back 49

openings providing for exit of spinal nerves

front 50

body & vertebral arch

back 50

structures that form an enclosure for the spinal cord

front 51

back 51

A. INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA
B. LAMINA
C. PEDICLE
D. SPINOUS PROCESS
E. TRANSVERSE PROCESS
F. SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
G. VERTEBRAL FORAMEN
H. BODY

front 52

Describe how a spinal nerve exits from the vertebral column.

back 52

Spinal nerves ( motor axons) exit the vertebral column via the ventral root (where they synapse on motor neuron ganglia ) then the ventral horn. Sensory nerves enter the spinal cord via the dorsal horn, synapse on the dorsal ganglia and enter the spinal cord.

front 53

name two factors/structures that permit flexibility of the vertebral column

back 53

discs and the S-shaped of the vertebral column prevent shock to the head in walking and running and provide flexibility to the body trunk

front 54

What kind of tissue compose the intervertebral discs?

back 54

fibrocartilage

front 55

What is a herniated disc? What problems might it cause?

back 55

a disc in which the nucleus puposus herniates through the annulus;

the nucleus pulposus compresses on the spinal cord leading to pain/possible paralysis

front 56

Which two spinal curvatures are observed at birth?

back 56

The two primary curvatures that we're born with are the concave forward curvatures in the thoracic and sacral spines.

front 57

Under what conditions do the secondary curvatures develop?

back 57

The "secondary" curvatures, the compensatory curvatures, occur with normal development. (Normal development is the condition under which they occur) These are the cervical curvature, which develops first with infant head lifting and the lumbar curvature, which develops next sitting up. These curvatures prepare the spine for ambulation.

front 58

back 58

A. ATLAS
B. AXIS
C. VERTEBRA PROMINENS
D. TWO THORACIC VERTEBRAE
E. INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

front 59

back 59

A. TWO LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
B. SACRUM

front 60

The major bony components of the thorax (excluding the vertebral column) are the ___________ and the _______________.

back 60

ribs and sternum

front 61

Differentiate between a true rib and a false rib.

back 61

a true rib is attached to cartilage that directly articulates with the sternum

front 62

Is a floating rib a true or false rib?

back 62

A free floating rib is neither a true or false rib. Ribs 1-7 are considered "true" ribs because they are directly attached to the sternum by individual coastal cartilages. Ribs 8-10 are considered "false" ribs because they are indirectly attached to the sternum by a common coastal cartilage. Ribs 11 and 12 are considered "free floating" because they are neither directly or indirectly attached to the sternum. Instead, they end in posterior abdominal musculature. They are still capped with cartilage though

front 63

What is the general shape of the thoracic cage?

back 63

cone-shaped

front 64

back 64

A. COSTAL CARTILAGE
B. TRUE RIBS
C. XIPHISTERNAL JOINT
D. FALSE RIBS
E. FLOATING RIBS

front 65

back 65

A. JUGULAR NOTCH
B. CLAVICULAR NOTCH
C. STERNAL ANGLE
D. MANUBRIUM
E. STERNUM
F. BODY
G. XIPHOID PROCESS