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  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
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34 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Integumentary System

front 1

Epidermis

back 1

a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of four distinct cell types and four or five distinct layers.

front 2

Stratum Basale

back 2

deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers.

front 3

Stratum Spinosum

back 3

several layers of keratinocytes joined by desmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin.

front 4

Stratum Granulosum

back 4

one of the five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellar granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules.

front 5

Stratum Lucidum

back 5

present only in thick skin. A very thin transparent band of flattened, dead keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries.

front 6

Stratum Corneum

back 6

most superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells, essentially flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space.

front 7

Keratin

back 7

a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities.

front 8

Keratinocytes

back 8

(keratin cells) the most abundant epidermal cells, their main function is to produce keratin fibrils. Tightly connected to each other by desmosomes.

front 9

Melanocytes

back 9

spidery black cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin.

front 10

Melanin

back 10

the pigment produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes that gives human skin, hair, and eyes their color.

front 11

Langerhan's Cells

back 11

aka dendritic cells; play a role in immunity by performing phagocytosis.

front 12

Merkel Cells

back 12

aka tactile cells; occasional spiky hemispheres that, in combination with sensory nerve endings, form sensitive touch receptors located at the epidermal-dermal junction

front 13

Dermis

back 13

the dense irregular connective tissue that consists of two principal regions: the papillary and the reticular.

front 14

Papillary Layer

back 14

the more superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue. It is very uneven and has fingerlike projections from its superior surface, the dermal papillae, which attach it to the epidermis above.

front 15

Dermal Papillae

back 15

projections that lie on top of the larger dermal ridges. In the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, they produce the fingerprints.

front 16

Meisner's Corpuscles

back 16

aka tactile corpuscle; are a type of mechanoreceptor. They are a type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch. They are most concentrated in thick hairless skin, especially at the finger pads.

front 17

Capillary Loops

back 17

small blood vessel in the dermal papillae

front 18

Reticular Layer

back 18

the deepest skin layer. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors.

front 19

Pacinian Corpuscles

back 19

aka lamellar corpuscle; are one of the four major types of mechanoreceptor. They are nerve endings in the skin responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure.

front 20

Hypodermis

back 20

aka superficial fascia; is not considered part of the skin. Consists primarily of adipose tissue.

front 21

Hair Root

back 21

the area beneath the surface of the skin and is embedded within the hair follicle.

front 22

Hair Shaft

back 22

the region projecting from the surface of the skin.

front 23

Cuticle

back 23

the keratinized layer of cells that surrounds the cortex and medulla located in the hair shaft and hair root.

front 24

Cortex

back 24

the keratinized layer of cells surrounding the medulla located in the hair shaft and hair root

front 25

Medulla

back 25

the center keratinized layer of cells located in the hair shaft and hair root.

front 26

Hair Bulb

back 26

a collection of well-nourished epithelial cells at the base of the hair follicle

front 27

Hair Papilla

back 27

a small nipple of dermal tissue that protrudes into the hair bulb from the peripheral connective tissue sheath and provides nutrition to the growing hair.

front 28

Hair Follicle

back 28

a structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells. Its inner epithelial root sheath, with two parts (internal and external), is enclosed by a thickened basement membrane, the glassy membrane, and by a peripheral connective tissue (or fibrous) sheath, which is essentially dermal tissue.

  • Connective Tissue Sheath
  • Glassy Membrane
  • External Epithelial Root Sheath
  • Internal Epithelial Root Sheath

front 29

Arrector Pili Muscle

back 29

small bands of smooth muscle cells that connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis. When these muscles contract, the slanted hair follicle is pulled upright, dimpling the skin surface with goose bumps.

front 30

Sebaceous Glands

back 30

are found nearly all over the skin, expect for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Their ducts usually empty into a hair follicle, but some open directly on the skin surface.

front 31

Sebum

back 31

the product of sebaceous glands. It is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep the skin soft and moist and keeps the hair from becoming brittle.

front 32

Sudoriferous Glands

back 32

exocrine glands that are widely distributed all over the skin. Outlets for the glands are epithelial openings called pores.

front 33

Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat Glands

back 33

produce clear perspiration consisting primarily of water, salts, and urea. Under control of the nervous system, they are an important part of the body's heat-regulating apparatus.

front 34

Apocrine Glands

back 34

found predominantly in the axillary and genital area. Odor comes from the bacteria living on the skin breaking down the organic components of sweat.