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33 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

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Quiz 11

front 1

A short segment of a mRNA molecule is shown below. The polypeptide it codes for is also shown:

Assume that a mutation in the DNA occurs so that the fourth base (counting from the 5' end) of the messenger RNA now reads A rather than G. What sequence of amino acids will the mRNA now code for? (You do not need a copy of the genetic code to answer the question.)

A. methionine-valine-leucine-lysine

B. methionine-lysine-leucine-lysine

C. methionine-leucine-leucine-lysine

D. methionine-valine-methionine-lysine

E. methionine-methionine-leucine-lysine

back 1

e

front 2

The primary structure of a protein is determined by

A. the sequence of amino acids.

B. hydrogen bonds formed between the components of the peptide linkage.

C. a series of helical domains.

D. pleated sheets.

E. covalent bonds formed between fibroin residues.

back 2

a

front 3

The primary structure of a protein is composed of the sequence of amino acids in that protein.

A. True

B. False

back 3

a

front 4

Mutant versions of genes which are normally involved in promoting the cell cycle are known as

A. tumor suppressors.

B. proto-oncogenes.

C. oncogenes.

D. malignant genes.

E. attenuators.

back 4

c

front 5

The genome of humans is remarkably stable, so much so that there are no cancers known to result from genomic instability.

A. True

B. False

back 5

b

front 6

The gene p53 is called the "guardian of the genome" because it corrects mutations in the spindle apparatus before nondisjunction can occur.

A. True

B. False

back 6

b

front 7

Proteins are composed of strings of nucleotides connected together by 5'-3' phosphodiester bonds.

A. True

B. False

back 7

b

front 8

The secondary structure of a protein is dependent on polar interactions among the side chains of the amino acids.

A. True

B. False

back 8

b

front 9

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by the absence of the alpha chain of hemoglobin.

A. True

B. False

back 9

b

front 10

The ribonucleic acid components known to exist in eukaryotic ribosomes are the following: 5.8S, 18S, 28S, 5S.

A. True

B. False

back 10

a

front 11

Which protein class directly controls many of the metabolic reactions within a cell?

A. structural proteins

B. repressor proteins

C. operator proteins

D. enzymes

E. hydrophilic proteins

back 11

d

front 12

Which of the following are among the major components of prokaryotic ribosomes?

A. 12S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and proteins

B. 16S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and 28S rRNA

C. 16S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and 23S rRNA

D. lipids and carbohydrates

E. 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and proteins

back 12

c

front 13

Any agent which causes damage to DNA is a potential carcinogenic.

A. True

B. False

back 13

a

front 14

Transcription factors are proteins with at least two functional domains, one that binds to DNA and one that binds to RNA polymerase or to other transcription factors.

A. True

B. False

back 14

a

front 15

By their experimentation using the Neurospora fungus, Beadle and Tatum were able to propose the far-reaching hypothesis that:

A. Prototrophs will grow only if provided with nutritional supplements.

B.Several different enzymes may be involved in the same step in a biochemical pathway.

C. The role of a specific gene is to produce a specific enzyme.

D. Genetic recombination occurred in Neurospora.

E. More than one codon can specify a given amino acid.

back 15

c

front 16

Side groups of amino acids are typically grouped under which of the following?

A. polar, nonpolar

B. linear, circular

C. alpha, omega

D. long, short

E. primary, secondary

back 16

a

front 17

rDNA is that portion of a genome which is involved in the production of ribosomal RNA.

A. True

B. False

back 17

a

front 18

A retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of RNA.

A. True

B. False

back 18

a

front 19

Two modular elements which appear as consensus sequences upstream from RNA polymerase II transcription start sites are

A. microsatellites and transposons.

B. rDNA and nucleolar organizers.

C. TATA and CAAT.

D. TTAA and CCTT.

E. enhancers and telomeres.

back 19

c

front 20

A protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the number of nucleotides in the section of DNA that codes for this protein. (Remember, DNA is double stranded.)

A. 3

B. 100

C. 300

D. 500

E. 1800

back 20

e

front 21

There are two types of retinoblastoma, familial and sporadic. In the familial form, generally one inherits a defective gene from one parent.

A. True

B. False

back 21

a

front 22

Alternative RNA processing can result in different mRNAs that start with different exons.

A. True

B. False

back 22

a

front 23

What is the name of the protein that combines with cyclins to exert local control of the cell cycle?

A. cyclin dependent kinase

B. phosphatase

C. ATPase

D. integrase

E. hexokinase

back 23

a

front 24

Transcription factors are proteins with at least two functional domains, one that binds to DNA and one that binds to RNA polymerase or to other transcription factors.

A. True

B. False

back 24

a

front 25

Regulation of RNA transport through the nuclear membrane is as common in prokaryotes as in eukaryotes.

A. True

B. False

back 25

b

front 26

DNA methylation may be a significant mode of genetic regulation in eukaryotes. Methylation refers to

A. altering RNA polymerase activity by methylation.

B. changes in DNA-DNA hydrogen binding.

C. altering translational activity especially of highly methylated tRNAs.

D.alteration of DNA polymerase activity by addition of methyl groups to glycine residues.

E. addition of methyl groups to the cytosine of CG doublets.

back 26

e

front 27

Which of the following clusters of terms applies when addressing enhancers as elements associated with eukaryotic genetic regulation?

A. cis-acting, variable orientation, variable position

B. trans-acting, fixed position, fixed orientation

C. cis-acting, fixed position, fixed orientation

D. cis-acting, variable position, fixed orientation

E. trans- and cis-acting, variable position

back 27

a

front 28

The CAAT (CAAT box) sequence appears to be critical to the ability of many eukaryotic promoters to facilitate transcription.

A. True

B. False

back 28

a

front 29

When a metabolic block occurs in a biochemical pathway, it is common for the substance immediately prior to that block to accumulate in amount.

A. True

B. False

back 29

a

front 30

Three general mechanisms appear to be involved in the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes:

A. point mutations, translocations, overexpression.

B. inversions, translocations, methylation.

C. familial, sporadic, phosphorylation.

D. transdetermination, mutation, allosteric interactions.

E. suppression, tabulation, projection.

back 30

a

front 31

Alternative RNA processing generates different mRNAs which can direct the synthesis of different polypeptides.

A. True

B. False

back 31

a

front 32

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are structurally and chemically identical.

A. True

B. False

back 32

b

front 33

There are several checkpoints in the mitotic cell cycle. All occur in the S phase.

A. True

B. False

back 33

b