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Learning Objectives - Ch 5 / The integumentary System / Lecture

front 1 List the two layers of skin and briefly describe subcutaneous tissue.	back 1 Epidermis - composed of epithelial cells, is the outermost protective shield of the body. Dermis - the only vascularized layer making up the bulk of the skin, is tough, leathery layer composed mostly of dense connective tissue. Subcutaneous tissue > Hypodermis (superficial fascia) not a part of the skin but shares protective functions. superficial to the tough connective tissue wrapping, fascia, of the skeletal muscle Stores fat, anchors the skin mostly to muscle, loose enough to ensure "glancing blows"
front 2 The epidermis is composed of which of the following tissues?	back 2 Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
front 3 Which layer of the skin- dermis or epidermis- is better nourished?	back 3 The Dermis The dermis is connective tissue, which is vascular, so its cells would be better nourished than those of the epidermis, which is avascular epithelium.
front 4 Which Cell makes up most of the Epidermis and it's chief role is to produce keratin, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis it protective properties? a) Keratinocyte b) Melanocytes c) Dendritic Cells e) Tactile Cells	back 4 A

front 5 Which Cell of the Epidermis is a spider-shaped epithelial cell that synthesizes the pigment melanin? a) Keratinocyte b) Melanocytes c) Dendritic Cells d) Tactile Cells	back 5 B
front 6 Which star shaped Cell of the Epidermis, also known as a Langerhans cell, arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis where they ingest foreign substance and are key activator of our immune system. a) Keratinocyte b) Melanocytes c) Dendritic Cells d) Tactile Cells	back 6 C
front 7 Which spiky hemisphere shaped Cell of the Epidermis, also known as a Merkel, occasionally are present at the epidermaldermal junction and functuions as a sensory receptor for touch. a) Keratinocyte b) Melanocytes c) Dendritic Cells d) Tactile Cells	back 7 D
front 8 While walking barefoot in a barn, Jeremy stepped on a rusty nail that penetrated the epidermis on the sole of his foot. Name the layers the nail pierced from the superficial skin surface to the junction with the dermis. a) stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum stratum basale b) stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale and stratum spinosum c) stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale d) stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale	back 8 C

front 9 Most Superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells, essentially flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space. a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum Lucidum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum spinosum e) Stratum basale	back 9 A
front 10 Typically one to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellar granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum Lucidum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum spinosum e) Stratum basale	back 10 C
front 11 Several layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin. a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum Lucidum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum spinosum e) Stratum basale	back 11 D
front 12 Deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers. See occasional melanocytes and dendritic cells. a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum Lucidum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum spinosum e) Stratum basale	back 12 E

front 13 Layer of epidermal tissue that is only found in thick skin and subject to abrasion. ie: palms, fingertips, and the soles of the feet a) Stratum corneum b) Stratum Lucidum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum spinosum e) Stratum basale	back 13 B
front 14 The stratum basale is also called the stratum germinativum, a name that refers to its major function. What is that function?	back 14 the stratum basale undergoes almost continuous mitosis to replace cells lost by abrasion.
front 15 Why are the desmosomes connecting the keratinocytes so important?	back 15 The skin is subject to a lot of abrasion and physical trauma. The desmosomes, which are connecting junctions, help to hold the cells together during such stress.
front 16 Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints? a) dermal ridges and epidermal ridges b) sweat pores and dermal ridges c) friction ridges and sweat pores d) reticular layer and sweat pores e)papillary layer and epidermal ridges	back 16 D

front 17 Name the tissue type/s composing the dermis.	back 17 Areolar connective tissure (Parillary layer) Dense irregular connective tissue (Reticular Layer)
front 18 Which layer of the dermis is responsible for producing fingerprint patterns? a) Stratum corneum b) Papilary layer c) Stratum Lucidum d) Reticular Layer	back 18 B
front 19 Which tissue of the hypodermis make a good shock absorber? a) dense regular tissue b) areolar tissue c) adipose tissue d) dense irregular tissue	back 19 C
front 20 You have just gotten a paper cut. It is very painful, but it doesn't bleed. Which avasular layer of the skin has it only penetrated. a) dermis b) reticular layer c) hypodermis d) epidermis	back 20 D

front 21 What 3 factors contribute to skin color? a) melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin b) melanin, carotene, and folic acid c) carotene, hemoglobin, and Vitamin D d) carotene, hemoglobin and Vitamin C	back 21 A
front 22 What is cyanosis and what does it indicate? a) an abnormal yellow skin tone / liver disorders b) poorly oxygenated hemoglobin / heart failure and sever respiratory disorders c) richly oxygenated hemoglobin / heart failure and minor respiratory disorders d) reddened of the skin / fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy	back 22 B
front 23 Match the following condition with its description: Psoriasis a) Skin rashes resulting from allergic reactions b) Skin rashes resulting from allergic reactions c) Autoimmune condition, resulting in an over proliferation of the epidermis, characterized by reddened epidermal papules covered with dry, silvery scales d) A rare condition where hair follicles are attacked by the immune system, causing the hair to fall out in patches	back 23 C
front 24 Skin eruption produced by dilated small blood vessels of the face, especially on the nose and cheeks, is descriptive of which skin disorder? a) Melanocyte activity b) Port wine stain c) cyanosis d) raynaud disease e) rosacea	back 24 E

front 25 Which of the following cells would one not expect to find in the dermis? a) neutrophils b) mast cells c) macrophages d) fibroblasts e) keratinocytes	back 25 E
front 26 Which alteration in skin color may indicate a liver disorder? a) redness, or erythema b) pallor, or blanching c) jaundice d) bronzing e) black and blue marks	back 26 C
front 27 All of the following are a part of hair EXCEPT... a) medulla b) glassy membrane c) cortex d) cuticle	back 27 B
front 28 Labeled "A" indicates which portion of the skin. a) stratum spinosum b) stratum basale c) stratum corneum d) stratum granulosum	back 28 C

front 29 Labeled "B" indicates which portion of the skin. a) stratum spinosum b) stratum basale c) stratum corneum d) stratum granulosum	back 29 D
front 30 Labeled "C" indicates which portion of the skin. a) stratum spinosum b) stratum basale c) stratum corneum d) stratum granulosum	back 30 A
front 31 Labeled "D" indicates which portion of the skin. a) stratum spinosum b) stratum basale c) stratum corneum d) stratum granulosum	back 31 B
front 32 Labeled "A" indicates which cutaneous gland a) eccrine (sweat) gland b) sebaceous gland	back 32 B

front 33 Labeled "B" indicates which cutaneous gland a) eccrine (sweat) gland b) sebaceous gland	back 33 A
front 34 Labeled "A" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 34 A
front 35 Labeled "B" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 35 B
front 36 Labeled "C" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 36 C

front 37 Labeled "D" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 37 D
front 38 Labeled "E" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 38 E
front 39 Labeled "F" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 39 F
front 40 Labeled "G" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 40 G

front 41 Labeled "H" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 41 H
front 42 Labeled "I" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 42 I
front 43 Labeled "J" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 43 J
front 44 Labeled "K" indicates which hair or hair follicle structure. a) folicle wall b) peripheral connective tissue (fibrous) sheath c) glassy membrane d) epithelial root sheath (External) e) epithelial root sheath (internal) f) cuticle g) cortex h) medulla i) hair matrix j) hair papilla k) subcutaneous adipose tissue	back 44 K

front 45 Which of the following human integumentary system glands is believed to be analogous to the sexual scent glands of an animal? a) apocrine sudoriferous gland b) cerunimous gland c) eccrine sudoriferous gland d) mammary gland e) sebaceous gland	back 45 A
front 46 Match the following glands with their secretion: Sudoriferous glands a) milk b) sebum c) sweat d) cerumen	back 46 C
front 47 Which of the following is untrue with regards to finger nails? outward concavity of the nail (spoon nail) may signal an iron deficiency horizontal lines (Beau's lines) across the nails may hint of malnutrituion thickened yellow nails may signal a fungal infection nails ar primarily used to protect the capillary beds in the tip of the fingers and toes yellow-tinged nail may indicate a respiratory or thyroid gland disorder	back 47 D
front 48 Match the following hair follicle-associated structure with its description: Hair bulb actively dividing cellular area of the bulb that produces the hair bundle of smooth muscle tissue running from the superficial dermis to the hair follicle; responsible for producing goose bumps the expanded, deep region of a hair follicle superficial wall of the hair follicle that is derived from the dermis a knot of sensory nerve ending wrapped around the base of a hair follicle	back 48 C

front 49 Match the following type of burns with its description: First-degree burn Entire thickness of the skin is consumed, resulting in the burned area appearing white, red, or blackened Injury to the epidermis and the superficial region of the dermis resulting in redness, swelling, pain, and blisters Damage to only the epidermis that results in redness, swelling, and pain	back 49 C
front 50 Match the following: Tactile cells sensory detection protect from UV radiation activate the immune system make fibrous proteins for skin protection	back 50 A
front 51 Match the following: Melanocytes sensory detection protect from UV radiation activate the immune system make fibrous proteins for skin protection	back 51 B
front 52 Match the following: Dendritic cells sensory detection protect from UV radiation activate the immune system make fibrous proteins for skin protection	back 52 C

front 53

Match the following: Keratinocytes

sensory detection
protect from UV radiation
activate the immune system
make fibrous proteins for skin protection

back 53

D

front 54

Match the following skin functions with the mechanism that accomplishes them: Metabolic functions

Provides a chemical barrier and a mechanical barrier to ward off bacterial invasion and to provide “waterproofing”
Potential to hold about 5% of the body's blood volume in numerous blood vessels
Synthesis of vitamin D; destruction of cancer-causing chemicals; activation of some steroid hormones
Activation of numerous receptors that are part of the nervous system
Dilation of blood vessels and secretion of sweat that evaporates from body surface

back 54

C