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31 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Normal and Abnormal changes in the elderly

front 1

What are normal changes in the eyes of the elderly?

back 1

loss of peripheral vision, depth perception, and distance
Loss of flexibility in the lens
Loss of muscle strength
Decreased ability to read small print.

front 2

What are abnormal changes in the eyes of the elderly?

back 2

cataracts
glaucoma
diabetic retinopathy

front 3

What are normal changes in the ears of the elderly?

back 3

Increased production of ear wax
Decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds

front 4

What are abnormal changes in the ears of the elderly?

back 4

Hearing loss related to injury, infection, or environmental causes.

front 5

What are normal changes concerning touch, taste, and smell in the elderly?

back 5

Decreased sensitivity to heat and pain
Decreased sense of smell and taste

front 6

What are abnormal changes concerning touch, taste, and smell in the elderly?

back 6

Loss of sensation due to stroke or other neurological problems

front 7

What are normal changes in the teeth of the elderly?

back 7

Teeth become yellow over time
Jaw shrinks and gums receds

front 8

What are abnormal changes in the mouth of the elderly over time?

back 8

Losing teeth, dental caries, cancer of mouth, jaw, and salivary glands

front 9

What are normal changes in speech of the elderly?

back 9

Do not change

front 10

What are abnormal changes of speech in the elderly?

back 10

Speech changes due to stroke, or loose fitting dentures

front 11

What are normal changes in the skin and hair of the elderly

back 11

skin loses elasticity and takes longer to heal. It becomes drier and many people develop liver spots. Hair becomes more brittle, and thin, and loses its pigmentation.

front 12

What are abnormal changes in the skin and hair of the elderly?

back 12

Pressure ulcers, skin cancer

front 13

What are normal changes in body composition of the elderly?

back 13

Increase in adipose tissue, decrease in lean muscle mass and water.

front 14

What are normal changes in the kidneys of the elderly?

back 14

Decrease in size and function. This causes the body to not be able to cleanse itself of toxins easily and can lead to drug overdose. Slower urge to urinate, smaller bladder capacity.

front 15

What are abnormal changes in the kidneys of the elderly?

back 15

renal failure
urinary incontinence

front 16

What are normal changes in the skeletal system of the elderly?

back 16

Discs become thinner and muscles become weaker which contributes to a loss of height.

front 17

What are abnormal changes in the skeletal system of the elderly?

back 17

osteoporosis
arthritis
Injuries due to falls

front 18

What are normal changes in the respiratory system of the elderly?

back 18

Decreased lung capacity
Decreased amount of cilia

front 19

What are abnormal changes in the respiratory system of the elderly

back 19

emphysema
COPD
asthma
lung cancer
loss of alveoli function

front 20

What are normal changes in the muscular system of the elderly?

back 20

Decreased size, tone, flexibility, strength, elasticity, and endurance
Increased twitching and muscle spasms

front 21

What are abnormal changes in the muscular system of the elderly?

back 21

muscular dystrophy
multiple sclerosis

front 22

What are normal changes in the CNS function of the elderly?

back 22

Decreased ability to thermoregulate
Decreased processing speed
Decreased memory of things newly learned
Brain shrinks
Sleep cycles change to more naps per day and less night time hours slept

front 23

What are abnormal changes in the CNS funtion of the elderly?

back 23

Alzheimers, dementia, Parkinson's, stroke, Decreased brain cells due to injury, infection, or environmental factors, substance abuse

front 24

What are normal changes in the Gastrointestinal system of the elderly?

back 24

Decreased muscle contraction causes the body to take longer to digest food and cause a person to fill fuller faster. Decreased peristalsis can also contribute to constipation. Decreased digestive juices.

front 25

What are abnormal changes in the gastrointestinal system of the elderly?

back 25

Chronic constipation
Chronic inflammation of intestinal lining
gastric ulcers
Stomach and colon cancer
diverticulitis
hernias
gall bladder problems
dysphagia

front 26

What are normal changes in the cardiovascular system of the elderly?

back 26

Increased heart size
Decreased efficiency
35% decrease in function
Vessels lose elasticity
Increased Blood Pressure
Decreased blood flow and circulation

front 27

What are abnormal changes in the cardiovascular system of the elderly?

back 27

Heart disease
Hypertension
Hypotension
Congestive Heart Failure
Angina Pectoris
Atherosclerosis
Dysrhythmias
Thrombosis
Myocardial Infarction

front 28

What are normal changes of the reproductive system in the elderly?

back 28

Decrease in hormones
Women ceases menses and ovulation
Vaginal dryness
Slowed sexual response

front 29

What are abnormal changes of the reproductive system in the elderly?

back 29

Uterine prolapse
Erectile dysfunction
Lack of sex drive

front 30

What are normal changes of the immune system in the elderly?

back 30

Decreased antibodies
Slower healing process
Do not respond to infection the same as when younger (lack of fever, possible lack of WBC)

front 31

What are abnormal changes of the immune system in the elderly?

back 31

Thrombocytosis
Agranulocytosis