front 1 Pulmonary veins | back 1 Bring oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium Two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium |
front 2 Pulmonary trunk | back 2 The right ventricle sends blood into this vessel |
front 3 Inferior vena cava | back 3 brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium |
front 4 Superior vena cava | back 4 brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to the right atrium |
front 5 Aorta | back 5 The left ventricle sends blood into this vessel |
front 6 Tunica externa | back 6 Composed largely of loosely woven collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessel Protects and reinforces the vessel; anchors it to surrounding structures |
front 7 Tunica media | back 7 Mostly circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin Capable of undergoing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to influence blood flow and blood pressure |
front 8 Tunica interna | back 8 Contains the endothelium (made of simple squamous epithelium) It's flat cells fit closely to form a slick surface that minimizes friction as blood moves through |
front 9 Vessel lumen | back 9 Blood containing space in center of the vessel. Provides a space for blood to travel through the vessel. |
front 10 Elastic arteries | back 10 Thick-walled, large vessels near the heart that conduct blood continuously away from the heart |
front 11 muscular arteries | back 11 smaller vessels that distribute blood to specific body organs. |
front 12 Arterioles | back 12 smallest of the vessels that lead into capillary beds. |
front 13 Capillaries | back 13 smallest blood vessels with thin walls that allow exchange between blood and tissue cells. |
front 14 Venules | back 14 Smallest vessels leading away from capillaries |
front 15 Veins | back 15 contain valves to assist blood flow back towards the heart |
front 16 Blood flow | back 16 The volume of blood flowing through a vessel, and organ, or the entire circulation in a given period. |
front 17 Blood pressure | back 17 The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood |
front 18 Resistance | back 18 The opposition to flow - a measure of the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through vessels. |
front 19 Blood viscosity | back 19 A source of resistance related to thickness or stickiness of the blood |
front 20 Total blood vessel length | back 20 A source of resistance related to the distance blood has to travel through layers of fat to reach a destination. |
front 21 Brachial artery | back 21 Muscular artery traveling near the humerus bone. |
front 22 Left subclavian artery | back 22 Third major branch of the aortic arch |
front 23 Brachiophalic trunk | back 23 First major branch of the aortic arch |
front 24 coronary arteries | back 24 The only branches of the ascending aorta |
front 25 common carotid arteries | back 25 supply most of the blood to the head |
front 26 pulmonary artery | back 26 First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of the heart to carry blood to the lungs. |
front 27 Pulmonary arterioles | back 27 Branches of pulmonary arteries, structurally like veins, and venules, with thin walls and large lumens |
front 28 Pulmonary capillaries | back 28 Area of exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
front 29 Pulmonary venules | back 29 Smallest veins, collect blood from capillaries as it flows back toward the heart. |
front 30 During pulmonary circulation blood leaves the | back 30 right ventricle and moves to the lungs |
front 31 During systemic circulation, blood leaves the | back 31 left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta |
front 32 The endothelium is composed of | back 32 simple squamous epithelium |
front 33 The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the | back 33 right atrium |
front 34 The correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from outside to inside: | back 34 Tunica externa Tunica media Tunica intima |
front 35 The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by | back 35 The kidneys |
front 36 Exchange of gasses and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the | back 36 capillaries and tissue cells |
front 37 Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally is called | back 37 Circulatory shock |
front 38 Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as | back 38 vasoconstriction |
front 39 The only vessels that provide direct assess to nearly every cell in the body are the | back 39 capillaries |
front 40 What regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary? | back 40 Precapillary sphincter |
front 41 In _______________________, blood volume is normal and constant but there is an abnormal expansion of the vascular beds, resulting in a huge drop in peripheral resistance, causing blood pressure to fall rapidly. | back 41 Vascular shock |
front 42 _________________arteries branch to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and the splenic artery | back 42 Celiac trunk |
front 43 The _________________ is the longest in the body, running from the sole of the foot up to the inguinal region (without changing names) | back 43 Great saphenous vein |
front 44 Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones? | back 44 Middle layer |
front 45 What type of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels? | back 45 distributing arteries |
front 46 _____________inhibits fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen and may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. | back 46 Lipoprotein |
front 47 The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the | back 47 diameter of arterioles |
front 48 The pressure of ___________stabilizes the wall of the capillaries | back 48 pericytes |
front 49 __________do not contain intercellular clefts | back 49 arterioles |
front 50 The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the | back 50 systemic circulation |
front 51 A metarteriole is a vessel that | back 51 is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed. |
front 52 Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in | back 52 veins |
front 53 Where are dural sinuses present? | back 53 CNS |
front 54 Most neural controls of blood pressure involve input from baroreceptors which are sensitive to | back 54 Changes in blood pressure |
front 55 An elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of | back 55 muscular arteries |
front 56 What blood vessel is the most susceptible to atherosclerosis? | back 56 The aorta |
front 57 What is the major force generating blood flow? | back 57 pumping action of the heart |
front 58 Blood enters the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the | back 58 Aorta |
front 59 The blood does not produce | back 59 hormones |
front 60 What plasma constituent is the main contributor to osmotic pressure? | back 60 Hormone production |
front 61 What leukocyte functions in phagocytizing bacteria? | back 61 perniclous anemia - results from a vitamin B12 deficiency |
front 62 _______________ is the universal donor. People with this blood type can give blood to __________ | back 62 Type O all the ABO blood groups |
front 63 _______________ are the precursor cells that ultimately form basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils | back 63 Myeloblasts |
front 64 ________________ leads to an above normal level of oxygen in the blood, which would not stimulate RBC production | back 64 hyperventilating |