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Biology 1A

front 1

What is the distinction between evolution in language
(example: the evolution of galaxies) and evolution in
biology?

back 1

In biology, evolution involves heredity

front 2

What is the core theme of Biology?

back 2

Evolution

front 3

In Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature. The organisms

back 3

genus and species

front 4

What is the "Goal" of evolution?

back 4

There is no goal for evolution.
A common question to ask is "Why is this the way it is?" with
the expectation that some structure or other
feature has a purpose behind it. There will not
always be a good reason. For example, the
vagus /laryngeal nerve pathways that control the
heart / larynx. The laryngeal nerve follows the
vagus nerve down from the brain to the heart,
then loops around and proceeds back up to the
larynx. This makes no sense from a functional
aspect.

front 5

What is energy?

back 5

the capacity to do work

front 6

What is metabolism?

back 6

The sum of all the chemical reactions in an
organism.

front 7

Organic Molecules contain: (MARK ALL THAT
APPLY)

a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorous
c. Hydrogen
d. carbon
e. Oxygen

back 7

a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorous
c. Hydrogen
d. carbon
e. Oxygen

front 8

A control group:

back 8

does not receive a treatment.

front 9

Organic Molecules are molecule that come from
living organisms and contain what elements? (Mark
all that apply)

a. S
b. C
c. O
d. H
e. N

back 9

a. S
b. C
Note, this is note a strict definition,
some sources say a C­C bond is considered an
organic molecule also.
c. O
d. H
e. N

front 10

A Hydrocarbon contains: (Mark all that apply)

a. N
b. O
c. H
d. S
e. C

back 10

a. N
b. O
c. H
d. S
e. C

front 11

Isomers are compounds with:

back 11

the same numbers of atoms of the same
elements but with different structures

front 12

Which functional group (side­chain) can be "cross­
linked" in protein?

back 12

sulfhydryl

front 13

What is a polymer?

back 13

long molecule consisting of many similar
building blocks.

front 14

Hydrogen bonds are: (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)

a. between ions
b. covalent bonds
c. represented by dotted lines
d. between a positive (partial) and negative
(partial) charge

back 14

a. between ions
b. covalent bonds
c. represented by dotted lines
d. between a positive (partial) and negative
(partial) charge

front 15

The hydrogen bonds water forms with other
molecules make it sticky. This results in properties
such as: (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)

a. capillary action
b. cohesion
c. surface tension
d. adhesion

back 15

a. capillary action
b. cohesion
c. surface tension
d. adhesion

water sticks to and attracts anything with a charge (ionic or partial)

front 16

Molecules can have both polar and non­polar
portions, what happens to the non­polar portions in
water.

back 16

They aggregate away from water.

front 17

What happens to solutes, such as ions, in a solution?

back 17

Water forms a hydration shell around it.
This means that water is attracted to the solute
and must therefore also be in a higher proportion
in solution.

front 18

The primary function of starch is:

back 18

Energy storage

front 19

What functional group is most common in a
monosaccharide?

back 19

Carbonyl

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and may be subcategorized as aldoses or ketoses. The sugar is an aldose if it contains an aldehyde functional group. A ketose signifies that the sugar contains a ketone functional group.

front 20

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

a. Galactose
b. Fructose
c. Glucose
d. Maltose
e. riobse

back 20

d. Maltose

front 21

Monosaccharides

back 21

a. Galactose
b. Fructose
c. Glucose
e. riobse

front 22

Which form of a monosaccharide is more prevalent in
water?

back 22

ring

front 23

When 2 monosaccharides combine they form what kind
of bond?

back 23

Glycosidic

front 24

A very long chain of monosaccharides is called a:

back 24

polysaccharide

front 25

Which of the following is composed of ONLY glucose
monomers? (mark all that apply)

a. Cellulose
b. Starch
c. glycogen
d. chitin
e. Maltose

back 25

a. Cellulose
b. Starch
c. glycogen
d. chitin
e. Maltose

front 26

All lipids are:

back 26

hydrophobic

front 27

Which of the following is NOT a lipid?

a. phospholipid
b. steroids
c. Triacylglycerol
d. polypeptide
e. cholesterol

back 27

d. polypeptide

front 28

Lipids

back 28

a. phospholipid
b. steroids
c. Triacylglycerol
e. cholesterol

front 29

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

a. proteins
b. DNA
c. starch

d.Fats

back 29

d.Fats

front 30

A fatty acid consist of: (Mark All That Apply)

a. glycerol
b. hydrocarbon chain
c. carboxyl
d. triglyceride
e. amino

back 30

b. hydrocarbon chain
c. carboxyl

front 31

An amphipathic (or biphasic) molecule:

back 31

is hydrophobic on one side and hydrophilic on
the other.

front 32

How many rings are in cholesterol?

back 32

4

front 33

a triglyceride is composed of: (Mark All That Apply)

a. amino groups
b. cholesterol
c. fatty acids
d. glycerol

back 33

a. amino groups
b. cholesterol
c. fatty acids
d. glycerol

front 34

The building blocks of protein are:

back 34

amino acids

front 35

Which of the following are functional groups attached
to the central alpha carbon of an amino acid? (Mark
All That Apply)

a. carboxyl group
b. ester
c. amino group
d. hydrogen atom
e. side chain
f. phosphate

back 35

a. carboxyl group
b. ester
c. amino group
d. hydrogen atom
e. side chain
f. phosphate

front 36

Which of the parts of an amino acid are always the
same? (Mark All That Apply)

a. central alpha carbon with hydrogen
b. side chain
c. carboxyl group
d. amino group

back 36

a. central alpha carbon with hydrogen
b. side chain
c. carboxyl group
d. amino group

These are called the amino acid backbone.

front 37

Amino acid backbone.

back 37

central alpha carbon with hydrogen
carboxyl group
amino group

front 38

Which part of an amino acid is unique to a particular
amino acid?

back 38

side chain

This is often referred to as the variable group or R­
group. Although R is also a generic way of saying
anything with a C (carbon).

front 39

Category for the side chains?

back 39

b. Hydrophobic / non­polar
c. Hydrophillic ­ negatively charged
d. Hydrophillic ­ positively charged
e. Hydrophillic / polar

front 40

When multiple amino acids link up together they form
a polymer (long chain) called a:

back 40

Polypeptide

front 41

How many levels of protein structure are there?

back 41

4

front 42

Primary level of protein structure

back 42

Sequence of amino acids

front 43

Secondary level of protein structure

back 43

segments of the chain forming coiled or folded

front 44

Tertiary level of protein structure

back 44

the main, 3­dimensional shape.

description of the complex and irregular folding of the peptide chain in three dimensions

front 45

Quaternary level of protein structure

back 45

The 3­dimensional shape of an aggregate

arrangement of more than one protein molecule in a multi-subunit complex.

front 46

What are the 2 most common secondary structures of a protein?

back 46

Alpha­-helicies
Beta­pleated sheets

There were only 2 listed in your reading, these are
considered the most common, however, there are
many other common secondary structures.

front 47

a beta­pleated sheet is an example of what level of
protein structure?

back 47

secondary

front 48

What is the best / most accurate (currently) method
for determining a protein structure?

back 48

X­ray crystallography

front 49

What is it called when the shape of a protein is
destroyed?

back 49

denaturation

front 50

degradative processes in metabolism are called:

back 50

catabolic pathways

front 51

for a reaction to be spontaneous it must have:

back 51

a negative change in G

front 52

A reaction that absorbs energy is:

back 52

endergonic

front 53

How do you get an endergonic reaction to happen?

back 53

couple it to an exergonic reaction

front 54

Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes?

a. The provide and alternate route for a chemical reaction
b. They are used up in the reaction and are lost
c. They are catalysts
d. They lower activation energy

back 54

a. The provide and alternate route for a chemical reaction
b. They are used up in the reaction and are lost
c. They are catalysts
d. They lower activation energy

front 55

The location on the enzyme that binds to substrates is called the:

back 55

active site

front 56

A noncompetitive inhibitor:

back 56

binds to an enzyme away from the active site

front 57

when a molecule affects enzyme's shape and function it is known as:

back 57

no data

front 58

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

back 58

nitrogenous base
(usually just referred to as the "base" (base as in acid/base)

phosphate
pentose
(a monosaccharide, pentose (5) because there are 5 carbons)

front 59

what is the variable part of a nucleotide?

back 59

base

A nucleotide is one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA. A nucleotide consists of a base (one of four chemicals: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) plus a molecule of sugar and one of phosphoric acid.

front 60

What is the structure of phosphate?

back 60

PO4

front 61

What is the difference between Ribose and
deoxyribose?

back 61

deoxyribose has one few hydroxyl group (OH)

front 62

Which of the following is NOT in RNA?

a. Uracil
b. Cytosine
c. Adenine
d. Guanine
e. Thymine

back 62

a. Uracil
b. Cytosine
c. Adenine
d. Guanine
e. Thymine

front 63

How many rings does a purine have?

back 63

2

front 64

The 2 strands of DNA go in opposite directions, which is called:

back 64

anti­parallel

front 65

What direction does DNA ALWAYS go in?

back 65

5' ­­> 3'

front 66

What feature do all cells have?

back 66

plasma membrane

front 67

The liquid/jelly portion of a cell is called the:

back 67

Cytosol

front 68

The______ cell's size the _________ the surface
area to volume ratio.

back 68

smaller / larger

front 69

What type of organism lacks a nucleus

back 69

prokaryote

front 70

Which of the following is found only in plant cells and
NOT in animal cells?

back 70

chloroplast

front 71

Function of Ribosome

back 71

carries out protein synthesis

front 72

Organells of cell Involved in the transport of proteins

back 72

b. golgi apparatus
c. Transport Vesicles
d. Endoplasmic reticulum

front 73

Organelle that would likely be able to break down bacteria?

back 73

lysosome

front 74

What is a protein that has a carbohydrate covalent
bonded to it called?

back 74

a. glycoprotein ?
b. lipoprotein ?

d. glycolipid ??

front 75

Which of the following is not a fiber of the
cyoskeleton

a. microfilaments
b. centriole
c. microtubule
d. keratins

back 75

a. microfilaments
b. centriole
c. microtubule
d. keratins

front 76

How do ions pass through the lipid bilayer?

back 76

Transport Proteins

front 77

Which direction will molecules diffuse?

back 77

Down its concentration gradient

front 78

What is it called when substances use energy to cross a membrane?

back 78

active transport

front 79

the diffustion of water is called:

back 79

Osmosis

front 80

A cell that has more non­penetrating solutes is:

back 80

hypertonic

front 81

The process by which molecules are taken into the cell by pinching in to form a new vesicle is called:

back 81

endocytosis

front 82

What is the most prevalent catabolic pathway?

back 82

aerobic respiration