front 1 What are special populations? | back 1 They present with physical and psychological unique challenges like stress, body temperature, and loss of intravascular fluids |
front 2 A patient is considered a ..... if she is between birth and the age of 12 | back 2 Pediatric |
front 3 What do they class a patient first 28 days of life outside the womb | back 3 A neonate |
front 4 A child less than 6 months old cannot ....... | back 4 Shiver |
front 5 Because a child less than 6 months old cannot shiver what are the repercussions? | back 5 They are at risk for hyperthermia, bradycardia, and acidosis |
front 6 At what age are tears produced | back 6 2-3 months of age |
front 7 What genitalia changes by 1 year of age in a male | back 7 Testes descend |
front 8 What overwhelming feeling do most pediatric patients feel | back 8 Anxiety, due to separation from parents.
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front 9 What is the role of the circulating surgical tech when a pediatric patient is on the table | back 9 They should stand nearby to assist the anesthesia provider by holding the mask on the face of the child, holing their hands or arms and making sure the room is kept very quiet |
front 10 What critical parame4ters should be monitored for a pediatric patient | back 10 Temperature, urine output, cardiac function, and oxygenation |
front 11 What is the primary means of monitoring temperature in the OR | back 11 Skin temperature |
front 12 What is the most effective way of maintaining temperature in the OR | back 12 Keeping extremities wrapped and covered |
front 13 Due to contamination what is the route least used in the groin region | back 13 Saphenous vein |
front 14 What is the standard for monitoring oxygenation for all age groups | back 14 Measure the arterial blood gases (ABG's) |
front 15 What are the two most common sorts of shock seen in all age groups | back 15 Septic shock and hypovolemic shock |
front 16 What is septic shock | back 16 A life-threatening illness characterized by hypotension, impaired organ function and/or failure, and metabolic abnormalities |
front 17 What is hypovolemic shock | back 17 A state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma. It is thus the intravascular component of volume contraction, but, as it also is the most essential one, hypovolemia and volume contraction are sometimes used synonymously |
front 18 In neonates Hypovolemic shock results in | back 18 Decrease venous return that lowers cardia output that leads to tissue perfusion and lactic acidosis |
front 19 In infants what is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock | back 19 Dehydration |
front 20 Septic shock is normally caused by ...... | back 20 Gram-negative bacteria
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front 21 What are the reasons for insensible water loss, mainly in the OR | back 21 Water loss through the skin and lungs caused by overhead radiant heaters and phototherapy |
front 22 What is the initial sign of postoperative infection | back 22 Fever |
front 23 What are the most common sites of preoperative infections | back 23 Lungs, surgical wound, urinary tract, and vascular access sites |
front 24 Three important side effect differences in children vs adults for antibiotics | back 24 Sulfonamides, Chloramphenicol, and Tetracycline |
front 25 What is kernicterus | back 25 Excess of bilirubin in the blood |
front 26 Children vs adults-Sulfonamides | back 26 Bactum or Septa, are associated with increased incidents of kernicterus in neonates. This should not be given to newborns |
front 27 Children vs adults-Chloramphenicol | back 27 A synthetic form of antibiotic that is associated with the cause of "gray" syndrome, infants skin turns grey from drug toxicity |
front 28 Children vs adults-Tetracycline | back 28 Causes staining and hypoplasia of the enamel of the developing teeth, therefore should not be administered to children |
front 29 What is the number one cause of death in 1-15 year olds | back 29 Accidents |
front 30 What is the best treatment for a child having breathing problems | back 30 Intubate immediately by placing an uncuffed endotracheal tube |
front 31 What is Pneumothorax | back 31 Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity |
front 32 Why must bleeding be brought under control | back 32 To prevent hypovolemia |
front 33 What is the most common bone fracture | back 33 The clavicle - usually a result of a shoulder dystocia (in labor and delivery this is normally because the shoulders of the baby are stuck behind the pubic bone, or they are too big for delivery) |
front 34 What is the term for a patient whose body weight is 100 pounds greater than ideal body weight | back 34 Obese |
front 35 In obese patients what issues do anesthetic personnel face | back 35 Higher doses of anesthetic agents are required due to their large uptake of adipose tissue. Recovery time is increased, and poor blood supply slows the elimination of these agents |
front 36 Obese patients are prone to..... | back 36 Increased incidences of postoperative wound infections |
front 37 Patients who are obese are high risk for...... | back 37 Coronary artery disease due to hypertension and diabetes |
front 38 In obese patients what aids in ventilation? | back 38 Placing the patient in reverse Trendelenburg's position to expand total lung volume |
front 39 What is reverse Trendelenburg's position | back 39 A body position in which the trunk and head are elevated above the pelvis and lower extremities |
front 40 Three most common complications after gastric bypass or gastroplasty | back 40 Abdominal catastrophes, internal hernia, and acute gastric distention |
front 41 What is an Abdominal catastrophes | back 41 A torsion/twist of the abdominal contents |
front 42 What is an internal hernia | back 42 Protrusion of an internal organ into a retroperitoneal fossa or a foramen (congenital or acquired) in the abdominal cavity |
front 43 What is an acute gastric distention | back 43 Bloating of the stomach when air is pumped into it |
front 44 What often indicates peritonitis | back 44 Acute respiratory failure |
front 45 What is often found in patients that are obese, resulting in the gall bladder being removed | back 45 Gall stones |
front 46 What affects the normal metabolic and physiological processes of a patient with diabetes | back 46 Anesthesia |
front 47 What is the most common preoperative complication with a diabetic patient | back 47 Increase rate of infection |
front 48 What should be postponed in the first trimester, if possible | back 48 Surgical procedures |
front 49 Why should surgical procedures be postponed in the first trimester | back 49 Increased chances of spontaneous abortion, if need be they should be performed in the second trimester when the fetus is more stable |
front 50 What can stimulate pre term labor | back 50 Vasopressors and neostigmine (reversed muscle relaxation) |
front 51 What decreases the uterine tone and aids in preventing uterine contractions | back 51 Halogenated agents |
front 52 What should be placed under a pregnant patient when placing them in the supine position | back 52 A small rolled sheet or pad under the right hip to slightly laterally shift the uterus to the left |
front 53 What position should be used on a pregnant patient in a supine position | back 53 Trendelenburg position with the OR table tilted 30 degrees to the left to aid with venous return, in turn taking the weight of the vena cava |
front 54 Name some autoimmune diseases | back 54 Multiple Sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis |
front 55 What opportunistic diseases have been seen more frequently since the arrival of AIDS | back 55 Kaposi's sarcoma, severe psoriasis rash of the body
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front 56 What is a common complication when a patient has Kaposi's sarcoma | back 56 Multiple internal and external lesions |
front 57 How will IV placement be difficult doe to Kaposi's lesions | back 57 Candidiasis Skin patches may cover large areas of normal skin, veins may be used up due to repeated sticks previously |
front 58 In a study of AID's patients requiring abdominal surgery what are the four clinical syndromes that require clinical intervention | back 58 1. Peritonitis secondary to cytomegalovirus infection
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front 59 In an isolation patient wearing of protective attire is mandated by the ....... | back 59 OSHA blood borne pathogens final rule |
front 60 In an isolation patient who addresses the wearing of a respirator | back 60 CDC |
front 61 In an isolation patient who should be notified of precautions to reduce the risk of transmission of | back 61 All personnel including pre op room, anesthesia, PACU personnel, and pre op holding |
front 62 In geriatric patients what special considerations are taken into account | back 62 Preoperative assessment and planning in scheduled elective surgeries. |
front 63 What is associated with geriatric patients and emergency surgeries | back 63 Higher mortality rates |
front 64 What does the "Golden hour" mean | back 64 It refers to reaching the trauma victim and providing treatment within the first hour following injury, this is critical to the patients outcome |
front 65 Level I trauma center | back 65 Can meet all needs required for treating trauma patients, including qualified personnel and on a 24hr basis |
front 66 Level II trauma center | back 66 Can treat seriously injured or ill patients, but does not have all the resources available at a Level I facility |
front 67 Level III trauma center | back 67 Most often a community or rural hospital in an area that does not have a Level I or II facility. Patients are stabilized and transported to a Level I or II hospital |
front 68 What are three important factors when considering the resulting injury from various forces | back 68 1. Velocity of the injuring force
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front 69 What is the number one organ injured in an MVA | back 69 Spleen |
front 70 In preservation of evidence what clothing considerations should be made | back 70 Remove clothing by cutting along the seams and around a bullet or stab wound holes. Shape of the hole can provide vital evidence. |
front 71 In preservation of evidence what considerations should be made for bullets | back 71 They should be carefully handled as lead will easily scratch. They SHOULD not be handled with metal forceps or clamps. Surg tech places it on a clean gauze and hands of to the circulator for placing in an evidence cup |
front 72 What is a central venous catheter | back 72 A catheter placed into a large vein in the neck(internal jugular vein), chest (subclavian vein or axillary vein) or groin (femoral vein |
front 73 What is enterocolitis | back 73 An inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. |
front 74 What is intra-arterial measurement | back 74 Monitors the blood pressure real-time |
front 75 What is Kinematics | back 75 Motion of points, bodies (objects) and systems of bodies (groups of objects) |
front 76 What is a splenectomy | back 76 A surgical operation involving removal of the spleen |
front 77 What is a splenomegaly | back 77 An enlargement of the spleen |
front 78 What is torticollis | back 78 Dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position |