front 1 Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis? | back 1 microbes passing across the placenta to the fetus |
front 2 Mutualism is a relationship | back 2 that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other. |
front 3 A protozoan and its resident bacteria invade the body of a worm. The bacteria releases toxins and exoenzymes that immobile and digest the worm, and the protozoan and bacteria absorb the nutrients produced. the relationship between the protozoan and the bacteria would best be described as | back 3 mutualism |
front 4 the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers, but in immunocompromised people it overgrows resulting in severe respiratory problems. The fungus is best described as | back 4 both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen |
front 5 Chagas' disease is transmitted by a but with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent? | back 5 parenteral route |
front 6 Symptoms are | back 6 subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel |
front 7 The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ____ with microbes that become established as their microbiota. | back 7 contaminated |
front 8 In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease? | back 8 A pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by the way of tears. |
front 9 Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is FALSE? | back 9 The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases. |
front 10 Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota? | back 10 Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy. |
front 11 Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens? | back 11 treatment of a cancer patient with radiation |
front 12 Which of the following is considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system? | back 12 both Candida and Lactobacillus |
front 13 Which of the following is an example of an exotoxin? | back 13 neurotoxin |
front 14 Among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase, hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body? | back 14 hyaluronidase |
front 15 Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe? | back 15 the illness period |
front 16 Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route? | back 16 yellow fever |
front 17 Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission? | back 17 cockroach transmission of Shigella |
front 18 Which of the following is a sign of disease? | back 18 fever |
front 19 A nosocomial disease if a a disease acquired | back 19 in a health care facility |
front 20 Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as _____ infections. | back 20 iatrogenic |
front 21 the bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled fro the lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, what type of transmission has occurred? | back 21 airborne |
front 22 a person is exposed to desert air containing fungus spores and develops valley fever as a result. Valley fever is an example of a ______ disease. | back 22 noncommunicable |
front 23 In early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza (swine flu) in the united states. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents an ________ disease. | back 23 epidemic |
front 24 the incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. this means | back 24 there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000 |
front 25 A strain of Neisseria gonorrhea has a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost? | back 25 the ability to adhere to cells of the body |
front 26 In the wake of the cyclone that his Myanmar (southeast asia) in 2008, there were widespread reports of typhoid fever. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission? | back 26 contaminated water |
front 27 Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease? | back 27 experimental |
front 28 Aerosols may be involved in _____ transmission of pathogens. | back 28 droplet |
front 29 Fomites are | back 29 inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. |
front 30 Which of the following pairings of microbe and disease was disproven using Koch's postulates? | back 30 Haemophilus influenzae and the flu |
front 31 Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures? | back 31 cholera |
front 32 Which of the following is the correct sequence of a disease process? | back 32 incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence |
front 33 Two children attend the same daycare, but one child is at daycare in the morning and the other child attends the daycare facility in the afternoon. Both children become ill with fifth disease within a day of each other. How might the pathogen have infected both children? | back 33 fomite transmission |
front 34 treatment with high doses of antibiotics may lead to which type of nosocomial infection? | back 34 endogenous infection |
front 35 Which of the following combinations of pathogen and virulence factor is correct? | back 35 Streptococcus pyogenes and protein M |
front 36 A pathogen is best described as | back 36 any microorganism that causes disease |
front 37 Microbes known as transient microbiota are | back 37 organisms that remain in the body for a short time. |
front 38 The taxonomic approach to classifying disease is based on the | back 38 type of microbe that causes the disease |
front 39 Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as | back 39 microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. |
front 40 A new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly. What measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread? | back 40 educate the public, promote vaccination, and treat those who are infected. |
front 41 Commensalism is best described as a | back 41 relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed. |
front 42 The condition called parasitism is characterized as a | back 42 relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other. |
front 43 An axenic environment is one | back 43 that is free of microbes |
front 44 the condition known as microbial antagonism may be defined as | back 44 an unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. |
front 45 A reservoir is | back 45 a source of microbial contamination |
front 46 Toxins that affect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract are (endotoxins/ enterotoxins/ exotoxins). | back 46 enterotoxins |
front 47 The degree to which a microbe is able to cause disease is know as its (morbidity/ virulence/ toxicity). | back 47 virulence |
front 48 Places in the body where there is no normal microbiota are referred to as (sterile/ aseptic/ axenic). | back 48 Axenic |
front 49 nervous system function may be impaired by the action of (endotoxins/ neurotoxins/ cytotoxins). | back 49 neurotoxins |
front 50 the (incubation/ morbidity/ prodromal) period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of the disease. | back 50 incubation |
front 51 Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system. this situation is an example of (commensalism/ mutualism/ parasitism). | back 51 commensalism |
front 52 Lipid A is an (cytotoxin/ endotoxin/ exotoxin) that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock, and blood coagulation. | back 52 endotoxin |
front 53 Persons with asymptomatic infections may be (contaminants/ reservoirs/ zoonoses) of disease. | back 53 reservoirs |
front 54 Spread of pathogens from one host to another by fomites is an example of (vehicle/ direct/ indirect) contact transmission. | back 54 indirect |
front 55 Biological (sources/ vectors/ carriers) not only transmit pathogens, but also serve as hosts for the manipulation of the pathogen during some phase of the pathogens life cycle. | back 55 vectors |
front 56 The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. As a consequence, cholera epidemics primarily involve (nonliving/ animal/ zoonotic) reservoirs. | back 56 nonliving |
front 57 the study of the cause of disease is known as (epidemiology/ etiology). | back 57 etiology |
front 58 The hepatitis C virus normally establishes a (latent/ chronic/ subclinical) infection and may be asymptomatic for a decade. | back 58 latent |
front 59 the study of when and where diseases occur is known as (analytical/ descriptive/ experimental) epidemiology. | back 59 descriptive |
front 60 Visions attach to target host cell by means of (capsules/ receptors/ ligands). | back 60 ligands |
front 61 The large population of pathogenic microbes found in health care settings contribute to (nosocomial/ iatrogenic/ epidemic) infections. | back 61 nosocomial |