front 1 Who proposed the concept of chemotherapy, that compounds might selectively kill pathogens without harming people? | back 1 Paul Ehrlich |
front 2 An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following? | back 2 Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure |
front 3 Beta-lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells? | back 3 bacterial cells |
front 4 Which of the following is a primary advantage of semisynthetic drugs? | back 4 they have a broader spectrum of action |
front 5 Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain arabinogalactan-mycolic acid? | back 5 isoniazid |
front 6 Which of the following antibiotics disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function? | back 6 amphotericin B |
front 7 Which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis? | back 7 interference with alanine-alanine bridges |
front 8 this figure represents a petri plate. the gray area is where bacteria A is growing, the black area is where bacteria B is growing. the white area is a zone where neither organism is growing. What is the best interpretation of what is observed on the plate? | back 8 Bacteria B is producing an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria A. |
front 9 Which of the following type of antimicrobial agent has the narrowest spectrum of action? | back 9 antivirals |
front 10 The first synthetic antimicrobial widely available for treatment of infections | back 10 was an attachment antagonist |
front 11 In the compound lamivudine an -SH group replaces an -OH group found in cytosine. When used as a medication it will | back 11 interfere with nucleic acid synthesis |
front 12 Which of the following groups of drugs can become incorporated into the bones and teeth of the fetus? | back 12 tetracyclines |
front 13 Which of the following can result when antibiotic therapy disrupts the normal microbiota? | back 13 both pseudomembranous colitis and thrush |
front 14 A compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the laboratory for use as an oral medication. this product would be a | back 14 semisynthetic antimicrobial |
front 15 B-lactamase production is an example of which of the following types of resistance? | back 15 inactivation of the drug |
front 16 Bacillus licheniformis secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. this is an example of an | back 16 antibiotic |
front 17 Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by | back 17 preventing the cross-linkage of NAM subunits. |
front 18 Most broad spectrum antibiotics act by | back 18 inhibiting protein synthesis |
front 19 Which of the following antifungals works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis? | back 19 both fluconazole and turbinafine |
front 20 A drug is structurally similar to PABA and inhibits folic acid synthesis. It is most likely a | back 20 sulfonamide |
front 21 Which of the following pathways is specifically inhibited by sulfonamides? | back 21 the conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid |
front 22 Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis in prokaryotes? | back 22 quinolones |
front 23 The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a B-lactamase inhibitor, is known as | back 23 synergism |
front 24 Alterations in the structure of which of the following are an important aspect of Gram-negative bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs? | back 24 porins |
front 25 it is inappropriate to prescribe antibacterial agents to treat colds or flu becasue | back 25 these diseases are caused by viruses |
front 26 Who discovered the first antibiotic widely available to the general public? | back 26 Domagk |
front 27 Which of the following statements is true of selective toxicity? | back 27 Selective toxicity takes advantage of structural differences between host and pathogen. |
front 28 Antimicrobials that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are | back 28 antisense nucleic acids |
front 29 The E-test determines which of the following? | back 29 both susceptibility and MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) |
front 30 The therapeutic range of an antimicrobial is the | back 30 range of concentrations at which the antimicrobial is both effective and non-toxic |
front 31 Which of the following interferes with cell wall synthesis by blocking alanine bridge formation? | back 31 both cycloserine and vancomycin |
front 32 Antimicrobial sugars analogs are effective for | back 32 preventing virus attachment |
front 33 Which of the following is a measurement associated with the broth dilution test? | back 33 lack of turbidity |
front 34 Infection of the _____ would be the hardest to treat with antimicrobial drugs. | back 34 brain |
front 35 Disruption of the normal microbiota can result in infections caused by which of the following microbes? | back 35 Candida albicans, Mycobacterium, and Clostridium difficile |
front 36 The antimicrobials called quinolone act by | back 36 inhibiting DNA replication |
front 37 How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations? | back 37 Both horizontal gene transfer and the growth of biofilms spread drug resistance |
front 38 The mechanism of action of the antibiotic vancomycin is | back 38 inhibition of cell wall synthesis |
front 39 The tetracyclines interfere with | back 39 protein synthesis |
front 40 Pentamidine is an example of an antimicrobial that | back 40 binds to DNA |
front 41 The mechanism of action of erythromycin is | back 41 inhibition of protein synthesis |
front 42 Methicillin is an example of the beta-lactam class of drugs that | back 42 inhibits cell wall synthesis |
front 43 Ribavirin is an antiviral that interferes with | back 43 nucleic acid synthesis |
front 44 The antimicrobial polymyxin | back 44 disrupts cytoplasmic membranes |
front 45 Drug resistant populations of microbes arise when | back 45 exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells. |
front 46 Any drug that acts against a disease is called a (analog/ antibiotic/ chemotherapeutic) agent. | back 46 chemotherapeutic |
front 47 Selective (toxicity/ action/ treatment) means that a given antimicrobial agent is more toxic to a pathogen than to the host being treated. | back 47 toxicity |
front 48 Nucleotide or nucleoside (analogs/ antisense/ acids) are antimicrobial agents that mimic the chemical structure of DNA building blocks. | back 48 analogs |
front 49 A microbe resistant to a variety of different antimicrobials is said to have (cross/ drug/ multiple) resistance. | back 49 multiple |
front 50 Secondary infections that result from the killing of some of the normal microbiota are called (antagonism/ superinfection/ resistance). | back 50 superinfections |
front 51 Competition between beneficial microbes and potential pathogens is called (synergy/ antagonism). | back 51 antagonism |
front 52 A (bacteriostatic/ bacteriocidal/ minimum) concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive but are not able to grow and reproduce. | back 52 bacteriocidal |
front 53 the ratio of a medication's dose that cane tolerated to its effective dose is the therapeutic (range/ index) of the medication. | back 53 index |
front 54 Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other; this is a phenomenon known as (cross/ multiple) resistance. | back 54 cross |
front 55 Second generation drugs are semisynthetic drugs developed to combat (immunity/ resistance) against an existing drug. | back 55 resistance |
front 56 Drugs that slow down bacterial growth would be (competitive/ synergistic/ antagonistic) to penicillin. | back 56 antagonistic |
front 57 External infections can be treated by (surface/ topical) administration, in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection. | back 57 topical |
front 58 the abbreviation (MIC/ MID/ MD) stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen. | back 58 MIC |
front 59 Antiviral medication frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/ molecules) to prevent production of new virus. | back 59 enzymes |
front 60 Some medications for influenza are (attachment/ binding/ microbial) antagonists that block the ability of the virus to enter cells. | back 60 attachment |