front 1 How do you classify bones? | back 1 Shape internal tissue orginization bone markings |
front 2 These bones are small, flat, irregular bones between the flat bones of the skull. | back 2 Sutural bones |
front 3 These bones have complex shapes with short, flat notched, or ridged surfaces. | back 3 Irregular bones |
front 4 These bones are small and boxy. | back 4 Short bones |
front 5 These bones are thin with parallel surfaces, provide protection for underlying soft tissues and offer extensive surface area for skeletal muscle to attach to. | back 5 Flat bones |
front 6 These bones are long and slender and are typically found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes. | back 6 Long bones |
front 7 These bones are small and flat. There are only two of them | back 7 Sesamoid bones |
front 8 Concerning the structure of a long bone, the heavy wall of compact bone surrounding the central space called the medullary cavity is what? | back 8 Diaphysis |
front 9 Concerning the structure of a long bone, the wide part at each end that articulates with other bones and is mostly made up of sponge bone is called what? | back 9 Epiphysis |
front 10 The meeting point of the diaphysis and epiphysis is known as what? | back 10 Metaphysis |
front 11 Give an example of a flat bone | back 11 Parietal bone |
front 12 A flat bone has compact bone on the outside and spongy bone on in inside, similar to a sandwich. what is the spongy layer called? | back 12 Diploe |
front 13 These form narrow pathways through the bone matrix between lacunae and blood vessels for nutrients and waste exchange. | back 13 Canaliculi |
front 14 This covers the outer surface of bones (except at the joints) and consists of outer fibrous layers and inner cellular layers. | back 14 Periosteum |
front 15 This membrane is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity, covers trabeculae of spongy bone, and lines the central canals. | back 15 Endosteum |
front 16 An endosteum contains what cells?` | back 16 osteoblast osteoprogenitor cells osteoclasts |
front 17 Where the cellular layer is incomplete, the matrix is exposed allowing osteoclasts and osteoblasts to do what? | back 17 remodel matrix components |
front 18 What are the 4 kinds of bone cells? | back 18 Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoprogenitor cells |
front 19 These cells are the most abundant, maintain the bone matrix, live in lacunae and are connected by canaliculi. | back 19 Osteocytes |
front 20 What are the two major functions of osteocytes? | back 20 maintain protein and mineral content of the bone matrix help repair bone damage |
front 21 What is the basic functional unit of compact bone? | back 21 Osteon |
front 22 Osteocytes are arranged in ??? around a ??? containing blood vessels that supply blood to and from the osteon. | back 22 Concentric lamellae Central Canal |
front 23 These radiate through the lamellae containing the lacunae of osteons with one another and the central canal. | back 23 Canaliculi |
front 24 These are passageways lying perpendicular to the central canal that carry blood vessels deeper into the bone and to the marrow cavity. | back 24 Perforating canals |
front 25 This is found at the outer and inner surfaces of bones where they are covered by the periosteum and endosteum. | back 25 Circumferential Lamellae |
front 26 What kind of osteon arrangement in bones makes them very strong when stressed along the axis of alignment? | back 26 Parallel to the long axis of the diaphysis |
front 27 Spongy bone doesn't have osteons but rather a matrix that forms an open network of what? | back 27 Trabeculae |
front 28 The space between trabeculae is filled with what? | back 28 Red bone marrow |
front 29 Trabeculae are oriented along what? | back 29 Stress lines |
front 30 What are bone markings? | back 30 points of muscle, tendon attachments that allow vessels and nerves throughway and where other bones articulate |
front 31 What are the three kinds of bone markings? | back 31 Depressions/grooves Elevations/projections Tunnels |
front 32 This kind of bone marking is usually found along the bone surface. | back 32 Depressions/grooves |
front 33 These bone markings are where tendons and ligaments attach and where adjacent bones articulate (joints). | back 33 Elevations/Projections |
front 34 These bone markings are where blood vessels and nerves enter the bone. | back 34 Tunnels |
front 35 Give the 4 different kinds of projection bone markings. | back 35 Head Facet Condyle Ramus |
front 36 Give the 6 different kinds of depression and opening bone markings. | back 36 Meatus Sinus Fossa Groove Fissure Foramen |
front 37 The axial skeleton has how many bones? | back 37 80 |
front 38 The axial skeleton consists of what three major regions? | back 38 Skull Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage |