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120 notecards = 30 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Chapter 18 & 20

front 1

  • A ( SA Node )
  • B ( AV Node )
  • C ( AV Bundle )
  • D ( Bundle branches )
  • E ( Purkinje fibers )

back 1

no data

front 2

  • A ( Atrial Depolarization )
  • B ( Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta )
  • E ( Ventricular depolarization, & point that represents the "dup" sound )

back 2

no data

front 3

  • A ( Normal sinus rhythm )
  • B ( Junctional rhythm )
  • C ( Second degree heart block )
  • D ( Ventricular fibrillation )

back 3

no data

front 4

The inner lining of the heart

back 4

Endocardium

front 5

Heart muscle

back 5

Myocardium

front 6

Serous layer covering the heart muscle

back 6

Epicardium

front 7

The outermost layer of the serous pericardium

back 7

Parietal layer

front 8

The pacemaker of the heart

back 8

SA Node

front 9

Found in the interventricular septum

back 9

AV Bundle

front 10

Network found in the ventricular myocardium

back 10

Purkinje fibers

front 11

The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed

back 11

AV Node

front 12

Prevents backflow into the left ventricle

back 12

Aortic valve

front 13

Prevents backflow into the right atrium

back 13

Tricuspid valve

front 14

Prevents backflow into the left atrium

back 14

Mitral valve

front 15

Prevents backflow into the right ventricle

back 15

Pulmonary valves

front 16

AV valve with two flaps

back 16

Mitral valve

front 17

AV valve with three flaps

back 17

Tricuspid valve

front 18

  • A ( Right atrium )
  • B ( Tricuspid valve )
  • C ( Pulmonary veins )
  • D ( Mitral valve )
  • E ( Left ventricle )

back 18

no data

front 19

Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen

back 19

Ischemia

front 20

Death of heart muscle cells

back 20

Infarction

front 21

A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells

back 21

Fibrillation

front 22

An abnormal pacemaker

back 22

Ectopic focus

front 23

Total heart relaxation

back 23

Quiescent period

front 24

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

back 24

Closure of the heart valves

front 25

What does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

back 25

Ventricles are in diastole

front 26

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes?

back 26

lowering of BP due to change in cardiac output

front 27

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ____

back 27

Pump blood with greater pressure

front 28

Damage to the _______ is referred to as heart block

back 28

AV Node

front 29

The p wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates _______

back 29

Atrial depolarization

front 30

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________

back 30

Left atrium

front 31

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the _______

back 31

Papillary muscles

front 32

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is _______

back 32

Angina pectoris

front 33

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the _______

back 33

2nd intercostal space to the right of the sternum

front 34

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the _______

back 34

Coronary arteries

front 35

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it _______

back 35

Pumps blood against a greater resistance

front 36

What is not an age related change affecting the heart?

back 36

Thinning of the valve flaps

front 37

What does not influence heart rate?

back 37

Skin color

front 38

If cardiac muscle is deprived of it's normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ______

back 38

Decreased delivery of oxygen

front 39

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells ________

back 39

Tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

front 40

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ______

back 40

Causing threshold to be reached more quickly

front 41

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ______

back 41

The heart rate would increase by about 25 bpm

front 42

Foramen ovale _____

back 42

Connects the two atria in the fetal heart

front 43

Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole

back 43

Both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

front 44

What is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

back 44

AV valve

front 45

The tricuspid valve is closed _______

back 45

When the ventricle is in systole

front 46

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by _________

back 46

Noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

front 47

What is true about heart valves

back 47

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.

front 48

Myocardial cells

back 48

The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all

front 49

What is true about the structure of the heart wall

back 49

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

front 50

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ______

back 50

Has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

front 51

During the period of ventricular filling ______

back 51

Blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

front 52

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

back 52

Isovolumetric relaxation

front 53

The time of the day most hazardous for heart attacks is _____

back 53

Morning

front 54

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid ______

back 54

Threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

front 55

What is true about cardiac output?

back 55

A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction

front 56

What happens during contraction of heart muscle cells

back 56

Some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores

front 57

Isovolumetric contraction ______

back 57

Refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

front 58

Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a _______

back 58

Relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval ( 2ms) when the heart is repolarizing

front 59

The enlarged coronary vessel outside the heart that empties blood into the right atrium is the _______

back 59

Coronary sinus

front 60

What structure in the fetal heart allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium?

back 60

Foramen ovale

front 61

The ECG T wave interval represents _______

back 61

Ventricular repolarization

front 62

CO = _________ x SV

back 62

HR

front 63

The ______ membrane covers the heart

back 63

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

front 64

The _______ valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae

back 64

Tricuspid

front 65

The _______ and _______ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached

back 65

Aortic and Pulmonary

front 66

Systole

back 66

Contraction of the muscle

front 67

Diastole

back 67

Relaxation of the muscle

front 68

  • (B) Axillary nodes
  • (D) Cisterna chyli
  • (A) Entrance of thoracic duct into subclavian veins
  • (C) Thoracic duct
  • (E) Lymphatic collecting vessels

back 68

no data

front 69

  • (E) Efferent vessels
  • (C) Cortex
  • (D) Medullary Cord
  • (A) Trabecula
  • (B) Medulla

back 69

no data

front 70

Protein containing fluid within lymphatic vessels

back 70

Lymph

front 71

Stores blood platelets

back 71

Spleen

front 72

Receives lymph from most of the body

back 72

Thoracic duct

front 73

Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels

back 73

Lymph Nodes

front 74

Largest lymphatic organ

back 74

Spleen

front 75

Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found in the wall of the small intestine

back 75

Peyer's patch

front 76

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________

back 76

Lymph Nodes

front 77

What is not classified as a lymphatic structure?

back 77

Pancreas

front 78

What is not true about the thymus?

back 78

It has follicles similar to those in the spleen

front 79

What is not involved in lymph transport?

back 79

Smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

front 80

The thymus is most active during ________

back 80

Childhood

front 81

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

back 81

Right lymphatic duct

front 82

What is not part of the lymphatic system?

back 82

Erythrocytes

front 83

The lymphatic capillaries are ________

back 83

More permeable than blood capillaries

front 84

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by _______

back 84

Plasma cells

front 85

Lymph leaves a lymph node via _________

back 85

Efferent lymphatic vessels

front 86

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?

back 86

Lymphocytes

front 87

What is not a function of the spleen?

back 87

Forming crypts that trap bacteria

front 88

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is _______

back 88

Severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

front 89

What is true of lymph transport?

back 89

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles

front 90

What is true about lymphocytes

back 90

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood

front 91

What is true about lymphoid tissue

back 91

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue

front 92

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a _____

back 92

Tonsil

front 93

What does not contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

back 93

Thymus

front 94

Peyer's patches are found in the _________

back 94

Ileum of the small intestine

front 95

Lymph capillaries are absent except __________

back 95

Digestive organs

front 96

What is bubo?

back 96

An infected lymph node

front 97

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not ________

back 97

Directly fight antigens

front 98

Where do large clusters of lymph nodes not occur?

back 98

Lower extremities

front 99

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue is not included in _______

back 99

Islets of Langerhans

front 100

What is not a method that maintains lymph flow?

back 100

Capillary smooth muscle contraction

front 101

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________

back 101

Lingual tonsils

front 102

What is not a normal component of lymph?

back 102

Red blood cells

front 103

A sentinel node is ________

back 103

The first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

front 104

What are functions of lymphoid tissue?

back 104

  • House and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes
  • Furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

front 105

What is not a function of the lymphatic system

back 105

Transporting respiratory gases

front 106

What is not a function of the lymph nodes

back 106

Produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

front 107

The _______ are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance to the pharynx.

back 107

Tonsils

front 108

The appendix, tonsils, and peyer's patches are examples of ________

back 108

MALT

front 109

Highly speacialized lymph capillaries called ____ are present in the villi of the intestinal mucosa.

back 109

lacteals

front 110

Splenic _____ pulp is primarily concerned with immune functions of the spleen

back 110

White

front 111

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called _______

back 111

Crypts

front 112

Thymic corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored _______ regions of the thymus

back 112

Medullary

front 113

The ______ pulp of the spleen forms cuff's around the central arteries.

back 113

White

front 114

Lymphatic _____ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels

back 114

Trunks

front 115

Right Lymphatic Duct Drains ________

back 115

Right upper arm and right side of head and thorax

front 116

Thoracic Duct ____________

back 116

Drains rest of body

front 117

T cells mature in _____

back 117

Thymus

front 118

B cells mature in _______

back 118

Bones. Formed in bone marrow

front 119

What do lymph nodes do?

back 119

  • macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris.
  • lymphocytes activated and mount attack against antigens

front 120

Name the tonsils and where they are located.....

back 120

  • Palatine tonsils- posterior end of oral cavity
  • Lingual tonsil - at base of tongue
  • Pharyngeal tonsil - posterior wall of nasopharynx
  • Tubal tonsils - surround openings of auditory tubes into pharynx