front 1 Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs _____.
| back 1 B |
front 2 The electron transport chain _____.
| back 2 B |
front 3 A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?
| back 3 A |
front 4 New biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can
alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall"
and find it difficult to continue exercising. These biosensors monitor
lactate, a form of lactic acid, released in sweat during strenuous
exercise.
| back 4 A |
front 5 Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following
reaction?
| back 5 D |
front 6 Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.
| back 6 C |
front 7 Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
| back 7 C |
front 8 In its mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to _____.
| back 8 B |
front 9 In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colors. This is because chlorophyll is degraded and _____.
| back 9 C |
front 10 In a plant, the reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in _____.
| back 10 D |
front 11 What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled?
| back 11 B |
front 12 Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?
| back 12 C |
front 13 Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?
| back 13 B |
front 14 Cells from advanced malignant tumors often have very abnormal chromosomes and an abnormal number of chromosomes. What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?
| back 14 D |
front 15 Motor proteins require which of the following to function in the movement of chromosomes toward the poles of the mitotic spindle?
| back 15 C |
front 16 In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of _____.
| back 16 A |
front 17 Metaphase is characterized by _____.
| back 17 D |
front 18 MPF is a dimer consisting of _____.
| back 18 C |
front 19 Kinetochore microtubules assist in the process of splitting centromeres by _____.
| back 19 A |
front 20 The M-phase checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle. If this does not happen, cells would most likely be arrested in _____.
| back 20 B |
front 21 Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell
divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells? | back 21 D |
front 22 At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal
cells? | back 22 E |
front 23 If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many
chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
| back 23 A |
front 24 Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In
animal cells, Taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to
microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein
precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically,
Taxol must affect | back 24 A |
front 25 During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes?
| back 25 A |
front 26 Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an
injury? | back 26 A |
front 27 Which of the following triggers the cell's passage past the G₂
checkpoint into mitosis? | back 27 B |
front 28 For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells,
which of the following is most desirable? | back 28 E |
front 29 Which of the following does not occur during mitosis? | back 29 B |
front 30 The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the
following aspects of the cell cycle would be most disrupted by
cytochalasin B? | back 30 E |
front 31 Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?
| back 31 B |
front 32 In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
| back 32 D |
front 33 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship
between photosynthesis and respiration? | back 33 B |
front 34 In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic
mechanism occurs during | back 34 C |
front 35 Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have
antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do
they have in plants? | back 35 B |
front 36 A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask
containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights,
which are set to cycle between 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark.
The dissolved oxygen concentrations in both flasks are monitored.
Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in
the flask with algae compared to the control flask. | back 36 D |
front 37 Why are C₄ plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent
photorespiration? | back 37 B |
front 38 Compared to C₃ plants, C₄ plants | back 38 A |
front 39 In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to | back 39 B |
front 40 Which process is most directly driven by light energy? | back 40 D |
front 41 When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what
happens? | back 41 A |
front 42 When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a
hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes | back 42 C |
front 43 The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water is -686
kcal/mol and the free energy for the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH is +53
kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis
when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? | back 43 C |
front 44 Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products
of glycolysis are | back 44 B |
front 45 In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
| back 45 B |
front 46 During aerobic respiration, H₂O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom
for the formation of the water come from? | back 46 C |
front 47 The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy
released by movement of protons across the membrane down their
electrochemical gradient, is an example of | back 47 B |
front 48 Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in
| back 48 D |
front 49 In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be
catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1)
loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO₂, (2) is
oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and (3) is
bonded to coenzyme A. | back 49 D |