front 1 Definition of tissue | back 1 Group of similar cells that usually have a similar embryological origin an are specialized for a particular function |
front 2 Definition of histology | back 2 The science that deals with the study of tissues |
front 3 Pathologists | back 3 Physicians who specialize in laboratory studies of cells and tissues, aid other physicians in making diagnoses; and perform autopsies |
front 4 Autopsies | back 4 Post-mortem examination |
front 5 Biopsies | back 5 Sample of living tissue removed for microscopic examination |
front 6 Four principal types of various tissues of the body | back 6 Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue |
front 7 Epithelial tissue | back 7 Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; and forms glands |
front 8 Connective tissue | back 8 Protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity |
front 9 Muscle tissue | back 9 Responsible for movement and generation of force |
front 10 Nervous tissue | back 10 Initiates and transmits action potentials (nerve impulses) that help coordinate body activities |
front 11 All tissues and organs of the body develop from one or more of the three primary germ layers | back 11 Ectoderm, endoderm, and semederm |
front 12 Extracellular fluid (ECF) | back 12 External to all body cells, providing a medium for dissolving and mixing solutes, transporting substances, and carrying out chemical reactions |
front 13 Interstitial (intercellular) fluid | back 13 Subdivision of the ECF fills the microscopic spaces (interstitial spaces) between cells in tissues |
front 14 Plasma | back 14 The other subdivision of the ECF, is the liquid portion of blood, found in blood vessels |
front 15 The extracellular substance of connective tissue consists | back 15 Matrix |
front 16 Matrix | back 16 Contains protein fibers embedded in a fluid, gel, or solid ground substance |
front 17 Ground substance contains | back 17 Number of large molecules, including adhesion proteins |
front 18 Most cells within a tissue remain | back 18 In place, anchored to other cells, basement membranes, and connective tissues. Exceptions include phagocytes and embryonic cells involved in differential and growth |
front 19 Cell junctions | back 19 Points of contact between adjacent plasma membranes |
front 20 Three types of cell junctions serve distinct functions | back 20 Tight junctions, anchoring junctions, and communicating junctions |
front 21 Tight junctions | back 21 Form fluid-tight seals between cells and are common among epithelial cells |
front 22 Tight junctions can be seen | back 22 Lining the stomach,intestines, and urinary bladder |
front 23 Anchoring junctions | back 23 Fasten cells to one another or to the extracellular material, common in tissues subjected to friction and stretching, and include desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and adherens juctions |
front 24 Anchoring junctions can be seen | back 24 Outer layer of skin, muscle of heart, neck of uterus, and lining of gastrointestinal tract |
front 25 Communicating junctions | back 25 Allow the rapid spread of action potentials from one cell to the next in some parts of the nervous system and in muscle of the heart and gastrointestinal tract |
front 26 Communicating junctions can be seen | back 26 In a developing embryo, chemical and electrical signals that regulate growth |
front 27 Gap juction | back 27 The microscopic structure that function as a communicating juction |
front 28 The subtypes of epithelium (epithelial tissues) include | back 28 Covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium |
front 29 General features of epithelial tissues | back 29
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front 30 Epithelia function includes | back 30 Protection, filtration, lubrication, secretion, digestion, absorption, transportation, excretion, sensory reception, and reproduction |
front 31 The arrangement of covering and lining epithelium reflects | back 31 Its location and function |
front 32 Layers are arranged as | back 32 Simple (one layer), stratified (several layers), and pseudostratified (one layer that appears as several) |
front 33 Cell shapes include | back 33 Squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-like), columnar (rectangular), and transitional (variable) |
front 34 Simple squamous epithelium | back 34 Consist of a single layer or flat, scale-like cells adapted for diffusion and filtration |
front 35 Simple squamous epithelium is found | back 35 In lungs and kidneys; in serous membranes, it functions in osmosis and secretion |
front 36 Endothelium | back 36 Lines the heart and blood vessels |
front 37 Mesothelium | back 37 Lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and covers the organs within them |
front 38 Simple cuboidal epithelim | back 38 Consist of a single layer of cube-shaped cells, adapted for secretion (mucus, perspiration, and enzymes) and absorption (the intake of fluids or other substances by cells) |
front 39 Simple cuboidal epithelium is found | back 39 Covering ovaries, in kidneys and eyes, and lining some glandular ducts |
front 40 Simple columnar noncilliated epithelium | back 40 Consist of a single layer of non-cilliated rectangular cells, functions in secretion of mucus and in absorption |
front 41 Simple columnar non-cilliated epithelium is found | back 41 Lining most of the gastrointestinal tract, where specialized cells containing microvilli perform absorption and goblet cells secrete mucus |
front 42 Simple columnar ciliated epithelium | back 42 Consist of a single layer of ciliated rectangular cells, moves fluids or particles along a passageway bu ciliary action |
front 43 Simple columnar ciliated epithelium is found | back 43 In a few portions of the upper respiratory tract, uterine tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses, and the central canal of the spinal cord |
front 44 Stratified squamous epithelium | back 44 Consist of several layers of cells win which the top layer is flat and performs a protective function; keratinized and nonkeratinized |
front 45 Keratin | back 45 Protein that is waterproof, resistant to friction, and helps repel bacteria |
front 46 Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized variety forms are found | back 46 On the outer layer of the skin |
front 47 Stratified squamous epithelium nonkeritinized variety forms are found | back 47 Lining the the mouth, esophagus, part of the epiglottis, vagina, and covers the tongue |
front 48 Stratified cuboidal epithelium | back 48 Consist of several layers of cells in which the top layer is cube-shaped; functions in protection |
front 49 Stratified cuboidal epithelium is found | back 49 In ducts of adult sweat glands and parts of the male urethra |
front 50 Stratified columnar epithelium | back 50 Consist of several layers of cells in which the top layer is rectangular |
front 51 Stratified columnar epithelium is found | back 51 in portions of the male urethra and large excretory ducts of some glands |
front 52 Transitional epithelium | back 52 Consist of several layers of cells whose appearance is variable, is capable of stretching and this permits distention of an organ |
front 53 Transitional epithelium is found | back 53 Lining the urinary bladder and portions of ureters and the urethra |
front 54 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | back 54 Consist of only one layer but gives the appearance of many; it functions in secretion and movement of mucus by ciliary action |
front 55 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found | back 55 Lining larger excretory ducts of many large glands, part of the make urethra, and the auditory (Eustachian) tubes. The ciliated variety with goblet cells lines most of the upper respiratory tract |
front 56 Gland | back 56 Single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion |
front 57 Endocrine glands | back 57 Sweat, oil, and digestive glands secretes their products into ducts that empty at the surface of covering and lining epithelium or directly onto a free surface |
front 58 Exocrine glands are classified into two structural types: | back 58 Unicellular and multicellular |
front 59 The functional classification of exocrine glands is based on | back 59 no data |