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83 notecards = 21 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Lower Extremity Muscles

front 1

back 1

Iliacus

O: Iliac Fossa

I: Lesser trochanter of femur

A: Flexion of Hip

A: Assists with adduction & lateral rotation of hip

A: Anterior rotation of pelvis with femur stabilized

N: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

front 2

back 2

Psoas Major

O: L1-L4 - bodies and transverse process, IV discs at same levels

I: Lesser trochanter

A: Flexion of hip

A: Assists with adduction & lateral rotation of hip; some rotation of the lumbar spine

A: Flexion of lumbar spine with femur stabilized

N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

front 3

back 3

Psoas Minor

A: Assists psoas major with flexion of lumbar spine

*Not a true muscle of the hip joint (coxofemoral joint)

*Not present in some people

front 4

back 4

Sartorius "Tailor's Muscle"

O: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

I: Medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)

A: Flexes hip & knee: crosses both joints

A: Also acts to laterally rotate the knee at the tibiofemoral joint

N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

front 5

back 5

Rectus Femoris

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine

I: Tibial tuberosity

A: Assists iliopsoas with flexion of hip

A: Knee extension and stabilization

N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

front 6

back 6

Vastus Lateralis

O: Lateral lip of linea aspera & greater trochanter

I: Tibial tuberosity

A: Knee extension

N: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

*Largest muscle of the quads

front 7

back 7

Vastus Medialis

O: Medial lip of linea aspera

I: Tibial tuberosity

A: Knee extension

N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

*Vastus medialis obliquus

front 8

back 8

Vastus Intermedius

O: Proximal, anterolateral shaft of femur

I: Tibial Tuberosity

A: Knee extension

N: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

front 9

back 9

Pectineus

O: Superior Ramus of Pubis

I: Intertrochanteric line to line aspera

A: Adduction & Flexion of hip

N: Femoral Nerve

front 10

back 10

Gracilis

O: Inferior ramus & body of pubis

I: Medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)

A: Adduction & flexion of femur

A: Medial rotation of tibia

N: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

front 11

back 11

Adductor Brevis

O: Inferior ramus & body of pubis

I: Upper 1/3 of linea aspera

A: Adduct & laterally of the hip

N: Obturator (L2-L4)

front 12

back 12

Adductor Longus

O: Inferior ramus & body of pubis

I: Middle 1/3 of linea aspera

A: Adducts & laterally rotates femur

N: Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)

front 13

back 13

Adductor Magnus

O: Ischial tuberosity & Pubis

I: Linea aspera & adductor tubercle - anterior & posteior portions (BIG!)

A: Adduction of femur

Anterior = flex & lateral rotation

Posterior = extend & medial rotation

N: Obturator (L2-L4)

N: Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

front 14

back 14

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

O: Anterior iliac crest

I: Fascia of the thigh-Iliotibial (IT) Band

A: Abduct femur

A: Flex hip joint

A: Helps depress femoral head into acetabulum

N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

front 15

back 15

Gluteus Maximus

O: Iliac crest, Sacrum, Coccyx

I: Posterior portion of femur - blends with IT band

A: Hip extension (prime mover)

A: Also laterally rotates

A: Also abducts & adducts

N: Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S1)

front 16

back 16

Gluteus Medius

O: Posterior aspect of ilium

I: Greater trochanter of femus

-portion of gluteus medium is deep to the gluteus maximus

A: Abduct & medially rotate femur

N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

front 17

back 17

Gluteus Minimus

O: Posterior aspect of ilium

I: Greater trochanter of femus

-portion of gluteus medium is deep to the gluteus maximus

A: Abduct & medially rotate femur

N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

front 18

back 18

Piriformis

O: Upper portion of sacrum

I: Greater trochanter - crosses greater sciatic notch

A: Lateral rotation of femur

N: Anterior rami of first and second sacral nerves

front 19

back 19

Gemellus superior

front 20

back 20

Obturator internus

front 21

back 21

Obturator externus

front 22

back 22

Gemellus inferior

front 23

back 23

Quadratus femoris

front 24

back 24

Semitendinosus

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)

A: Knee flexion

A: Medial rotation of the tibia

A: Hip extension

N: Sciatic Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

front 25

back 25

Semimembranosus

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Posterior, medial condyle of tibia

A: Flex knee & medially rotate femur

N: Sciatic Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

front 26

back 26

Biceps Femoris

O: Long head - ischial tuberosity

O: Short head - posterior femur (line aspera) - not a hip extender

I: Fibular head, lateral condyle of tibia

A: Flex knee & laterally rotate femur

N: LH - tibial part of sciatic nerve (S1-S3)

N: SH - common perennial part of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

front 27

back 27

Popliteus

O: Lateral epicondyle of femur

I: Shaft of tibia

A: Unlocks knee to allow flexion to occur

Open kinetic chain (OKC) position: Medial rotation of the tibia

Closed kinetic chain (CKC) position: Lateral rotation of the femur

N: Tibial Nerve

front 28

back 28

Tibialis Anterior

O: Shaft of the tibia

I: Medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal

A: Dorsiflexion & inversion

N: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

*Most medial of the anterior leg muscles

front 29

back 29

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O: Lateral condyle of tibia

I: Distal phalanx; digits 2-5

A: Extend digits 2-5

A: Dorsiflex foot

N: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

front 30

back 30

Extensor Hallucis Longus

O: Fibula

I: Distal phalanx - digit 1

A: Extends digit 1

A: Inversion

N: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

front 31

back 31

Peroneus Tertius

O: Anterior shaft of fibula

I: Base of 5th metatarsal

A: Everts & dorsiflexes foot

*Tendon crosses anterior to lateral malleolus

*Causes dorsiflexion

N: Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

front 32

back 32

Peroneus Longus

O: Head & shaft of fibula

I: First metatarsal & medial cuneiform

A: Evert foot (strongest pronator)

A: Plantar flexion of the ankle

A: Tendon travels behind lateral malleolus, then under foot to medial side

N: Superficial peroneal

front 33

back 33

Peroneus Brevis

O: Lateral aspect of shaft of fibula

I: Base of 5th metatarsal

A: Eversion & plantar flexion of ankle

*tendon travels behind lateral malleolus

N: Superficial peroneal

front 34

back 34

Gastrocnemius

O: Lateral & medial epicondyles of femur

I: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles') tendon

A: Plantar flexion & assists knee flexion

*Important in walking/running activities

N: Tibial Nerve

front 35

back 35

Soleus

O: Head/shaft of fibular & posterior surface of tibia

I: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles') tendon

A: Plantar flex foot

N: Tibial Nerve

*Mostly lies deep to the gastrocnemius

front 36

back 36

Tibialis Posterior

O: Posterior upper half of tibia & fibular

I: Lower surfaces of navicular, cuneiform, & bases of metatarsals 2-5

A: Plantar flex and invert foot

N: Tibial nerve

front 37

back 37

Flexor Digitorum Longus

O: Posterior surface of tibia

I: Distal phalanges of 2-5

A: Flex digits 2-5 & plantar flexion

N: Tibial Nerve

*Helps support the arch

front 38

back 38

Flexor Hallucis Longus

O: Middle 2/3 of posterior fibular

I: Base of distal phalanx of big toe

A: Flex digit 1, inversion, plantar flexion

N: Tibial Nerve

front 39

What is the name for the iliacus & psoas major together?

back 39

Iliopsoas

front 40

What is the "Groin"?

back 40

Anterior aspect of the hip joint, but commonly accepted as adductor group

front 41

What is the Femoral Nerve?

back 41

Innervates the quadriceps & hip flexors

front 42

What causes this?

back 42

Over activation or tightness

front 43

back 43

Medial retinaculum

front 44

back 44

Lateral retinaculum

front 45

back 45

Iliotibial band

front 46

back 46

Quadriceps Tendon

front 47

back 47

Patellar Tendon

front 48

What is the quadriceps group?

back 48

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Lateralis

front 49

What muscles are involved in a Groin strain?

back 49

Pectineus

Gracilis

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus

front 50

What are the hip adductors?

back 50

Adductor Magnus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Gracilis

Pectineus

front 51

What do the gluteus minimum & medium do together?

back 51

Stabilize pelvis when:

-Foot is on the ground

-They prevent the pelvis from dropping toward opposite side during walking

--Swinging leg

--Trendelenburg's Sign

front 52

back 52

–Trendelenburg’s Sign

front 53

What is sciatica?

back 53

Compression of the sciatic nerve

Radiating or shooting pain down the leg

front 54

What are the "Deep 6" External rotators?

back 54

Piriformis

Gemellus superior

Obturator internus

Obturator externus

Gemellus inferior

Quadratus femoris

front 55

What are the hamstring muscles?

back 55

Biceps Femoris (long & short head)

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

front 56

Innervation of anterior compartment

back 56

Deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

front 57

Innervation of lateral compartment

back 57

Superficial peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

front 58

Innervation of deep posterior compartment

back 58

Tibial nerve (L4-S3)

front 59

Innervation of superficial posterior

back 59

Tibial nerve (L4-S3)

front 60

Anterior compartment muscles

back 60

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Peroneus tertius

front 61

Lateral compartment muscles

back 61

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

front 62

Superficial Posterior compartments

back 62

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

front 63

Deep Posterior compartments

back 63

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexor hallicis longus

front 64

What encloses a compartment?

back 64

Fascia

front 65

When tendons pass behind lateral malleolus what does it make them?

back 65

Plantar flexors

front 66

Another name for the calf muscle

back 66

Triceps surae

front 67

back 67

Calcaneal tendon

front 68

Strengthening the Triceps surae in the standing position

back 68

Work primarily gastrocnemius because it is stretched (lengthened position) & in direct line of pull

front 69

Strengthening the Triceps surae in the seated position

back 69

Work primarily soles because gastrocnemius is relaxed (shortened position) across knee joint

front 70

Hip abductors

back 70

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

TFL

Sartorius

Piriformis (when hip is flexed)

front 71

Hip adductors

back 71

Adductor Magnus

Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis

Pectineus

Gracilis

Psoas major

Iliacus

Gluteus Maximus (lower fibers)

front 72

Internal (Medial) Rotation

back 72

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Gluteus Medius (anterior fibers)

Gluteus Minimus

front 73

External (Lateral) Rotation

back 73

Biceps Femoris

Gluteus Maximus (all fibers)

Gluteus Medius (posterior fibers)

Sartorius

Piriformis

Quadratus Femoris

Obturator Internus/Externus

Gemellus Superior/Inferior

Iliopsoas

front 74

Hip Flexion

back 74

Rectus Femoris

Gluteus medius (anterior fibers)

Gluteus minimus

Add. magnus/longus/brevis (assists)

Pectineus

TFL

Sartorius

Psoas major/Iliacus

front 75

Hip Extension

back 75

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimebranosus

Gluteus Maximus (all fibers)

Gluteus Medius (posterior fibers)

Adductor Magnus (posterior fibers)

front 76

Internal (Medial) Rotation

back 76

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Gracilis

Sartorius

Popliteus

front 77

External (Lateral) Rotation

back 77

Biceps Femoris

front 78

Knee Flexion

back 78

Biceps Femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Gracilis

Sartorius

Gastrocnemius

Popliteus

Plantaris (weak)

front 79

Knee Extension

back 79

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

front 80

Plantar Flexion

back 80

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Tibialis Posterior

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Brevis

Flexor Digitorum Longus (weak)

Flexor Hallucis longus (weak)

Plantaris (weak)

front 81

Dorsiflexion

back 81

Tibialis Anterior

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Extensor Hallucis Longus

front 82

Inversion

back 82

Tibialis Anterior

Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Hallucis Longus

front 83

Eversion

back 83

Peroneus Brevis

Peroneus Longus

Extensor Digitorum Longus