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chapter 17 q & a

front 1

Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell

back 1

translating polypeptides directly from DNA

front 2

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

back 2

ATP, RNA, and DNA

front 3

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

back 3

3' UCA 5'. ****************

front 4

The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this can be found if which of the following is true?

back 4

If UGA, usually a stop codon, is found to code for an amino acid such as tryptophan (usually coded for by UGG only).

front 5

Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

back 5

a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG

front 6

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

back 6

RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.

front 7

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic eukaryotic gene expression, but does in eukaryotic gene expression?

back 7

A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.

front 8

What is a ribozyme?

back 8

an RNA with enzymatic activity

front 9

In the structural organization of many eukaryotic genes, individual exons may be related to which of the following?

back 9

the various domains of the polypeptide product

front 10

A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA instead of the normal phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that

back 10

proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU.

front 11

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

back 11

the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA

front 12

When translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by

back 12

a signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane.

front 13

Suppose that a mutation alters the formation of a tRNA such that it still attaches to the same amino acid (phe) but its anticodon loop has the sequence AAU that binds to the mRNA codon UUA (that usually specifies leucine leu).

back 13

One mutated tRNA molecule will be relatively inconsequential because it will compete with many "normal" ones.

front 14

enzyme a ~~~~> B ~~~~~~>C

back 14

2

front 15

A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

back 15

an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

front 16

A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be

back 16

3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'.

front 17

What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'

back 17

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

front 18

A peptide has the sequence NH2-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH. Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?

back 18

5' TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC

front 19

DNA template strand
5' ____________________________ 3'

DNA complementary strand
3' ____________________________ 5'

In the transcription event of the previous DNA, where would the promoter be located?

back 19

to the right of the template strand

front 20

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism

back 20

a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence