front 1 What percentage of cortical nephrons are in the kidneys? A. 85% B. 80% C. 90% D. 75% E. 95% | back 1 A. 85% |
front 2 What plays an important role in the kidneys ability to produce concentrated urine? A. juxamedullary nephrons B. cortical nephrons C. renal tubules D. peritubilar capillaries E. glomerulus | back 2 A. juxamedullary nephrons |
front 3 What cell lies between the arterioles and the tubule cells and are interconnected by gap junctions? A. granular cells B. extraglamercular mesangial cells C. macula densa D. vasa recta E. pronehros | back 3 B. extraglamercular mesangial cells |
front 4 What is the lowest concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in _____________ A. hepatic vein B. inferior vena cava C. renal artery D. renal vein | back 4 D. renal vein |
front 5 The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they ___________ A. have a larger area of anastomosis B. are derived from and drain into arterioles C. are not made of endothelium D. are sites of filtrated formation | back 5 B. are derived from and drain into arterioles |
front 6 Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the _______ A. glomerular capsules B. distal convulted tubules C. collecting ducts D. proximal convulted tubules | back 6 C. collecting ducts |
front 7 Which is reabsorbed by proximal convoluted tubules cells __________ A. Na+ B. k+ C. amino acid D. all of the above | back 7 D. all of the above |
front 8 Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it? A. does not pass through the walls of the glomerulus B. is kept in the blood by colloid osmotic pressure C. is reabsorbed by the tubule cells D. is removed by the cells before the blood reaches the kidney | back 8 C. is reabsorbed by the tubule cells |
front 9 Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to? A. water reabsorption B. capsular hydrostatic pressure C. arterial blood pressure D. acidity of the urine | back 9 B. capsular hydrostatic pressure |
front 10 Tubular reabsorption A. of glucose and many other substances is a Tm-limited active transport process B. of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of Na+ C. is the movement of substances from the blood into the nephrons D. of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubules | back 10 A. of glucose and many other substances is a Tm-limited active transport process |
front 11 If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amount of urochrome it has ________. A. an ammonia-like odor B. a pH below normal C. a dark yellow color D. a pH above normal | back 11 C. a dark yellow color |
front 12 Conditions such as diabetes mellitus and starvation are closely linked to? A. ketonuria B. pyuria C. albuminuria D. hematuria | back 12 A ketonuria |
front 13 Which of the following are true about ADH? A. it promotes obligatory water reabsorption B. it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality C. it causes insertion of aquaporin in PCT D. it promotes Na+ reabsorption E. none of the above | back 13 B. it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality |
front 14 Body water content is greatest in _______ A. infants B. young adults C. elderly adults D. young children E. middle age adults | back 14 A. infants |
front 15 Potassium magnesium and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in _________. A. plasma B. interstitial fluid C. intracellular fluid D. urine E. Blood | back 15 C. intracellular fluid |
front 16 Sodium balance is regulated primarily by control of amount __________. A. ingested B. excreted in urine C. lost in perspiration D. lost in feces E. liquid intake | back 16 B. excreted in urine |
front 17 Water balance is regulated by control of amounts _____________. A. ingested B. excreted in urine C. lost in perspiration D. lost in feces E. liquid intake | back 17 B. excreted in urine |
front 18 Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules ________________. A. potassium, sodium B. bicarbonate, calcium C. chloride, sodium D. water, magnesium E. potassium, bicarbonate | back 18 A. potassium, sodium |
front 19 Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormones? A. ammonium ions, hydrogen ions B. calcium, phosphate C. chloride, sodium D. water, magnesium E. potassium, bicarbonate | back 19 B. calcium, phosphate |
front 20 Two substance secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions ____________. A. chloride, calcium B. bicarbonate, magnesium C. potassium, water D. ammonium ions, hydrogen ions E. chloride, sodium | back 20 D. ammonium ions, hydrogen ions |
front 21 Part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma? A. potassium B. bicarbonate C. phosphate D. sodium E. calcium | back 21 B. bicarbonate |
front 22 Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine? A. ammonium ions, bicarbonate B. calcium, chloride C. potassium, sodium D. magnesium, phosphate E. water, chloride | back 22 A. ammonium ions, bicarbonate |
front 23 Substances regulated by ADH's effects on the renal tubules ____________ A. sodium B. calcium C. magnesium D. water E. potassium | back 23 D. water |
front 24 Which of the following factors will enhance ADH release? A. increase in ECF volume B. decrease in ECF volume C. decrease in ECF osmolality D. increase in ECF osmolality E. decrease in both ECF volume and osmolality | back 24 B. decrease in ECF volume |
front 25 The pH of blood varies directly with ________. A. HCO3 B. PcO2 C. H+ D. HCo+ E. none of the above | back 25 A. HCO3 |
front 26 In an individual with metabolic acidosis a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by_____________. A. High blood bicarbonate levels B. Low blood bicarbonate levels C. Rapid deep breathing D. Slow, shallow breathing E. None of the above | back 26 C. Rapid deep breathing |
front 27 The primary sex organ in males are? A. testes B. gametes C. prostate D. Sperm E. ovaries | back 27 A. testes |
front 28 The primary sex organ in females are? A. ovaries B. epididymis C. ureter D. pubis E.peritoneum | back 28 A. ovaries |
front 29 The urethra is a duct that_____________. A. expel both urine & semen B. contains spongy tissue C. contains seminal glands D. cleans bladder E. both B&C | back 29 A. expel both urine & semen |
front 30 The location of the prostate is ______________. A. inferior to the bladder B. superior to the intestines C. next to the gall bladder D. superior to the spine E. both C &D | back 30 A. inferior to the bladder |
front 31 Functions of the bulbourethral gland is to _____________. A. lubricate glans penis B. release urine C. stimulate the nerves in the testes D. activate prostate E. crinites RBC’s | back 31 A. lubricate glans penis |
front 32 Chromosomes for males & females are? A. (XX,) (XY) B. (YY) (XX) C. (YX) (XY) D. none of the above E. Both B & C | back 32 A. (XX,) (XY) |
front 33 What is semen? A. Fluid that promotes reproduction B. lymphocyte fluid C. sperm ATP D. kidney fluid E. Both C & D | back 33 A. Fluid that promotes reproduction |
front 34 Erectile dysfunction is a homeostatic imbalance due to ___________. A. deficient release of NO B. lack of vitamin K C. due to diabetes D. prostate malfunction E. bacterial infection | back 34 A. deficient release of NO |
front 35 What percentage of males in America over the ages of 40 have erectile dysfunction? A. 50% B. 25% C. 0% D. 85% E. 99% | back 35 A. 50% |
front 36 How many sperm(s) enter a female egg? A. 1 B. 100 C. 10 D. 1,000 E. 10,000 | back 36 A. 1 |
front 37 How many women are diagnosed with cervical cancer worldwide? A. 450,000 B. 500,000 C. 70,000 D. 1,000 E. 750,000 | back 37 A. 450,000 |
front 38 STD’s are contracted by __________________? A. sexual contact B. air C. undeveloped countries D. saliva E. Both B &D | back 38 A. sexual contact |
front 39 Most common STI in America? A. Chlamydia B. syphilis C. genital warts D. gonorrhea E. Trichomoniasis | back 39 A. chlamydia |
front 40 The term hypotonic hydration refers to _____________? A. the feeling one might have after a long swim B. the unpleasant feeling people have after drinking too much alcohol C. a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amount of water D. a condition that is caused by high levels of sodium in the extracellular fluid compartment | back 40 C. a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amount of water |
front 41 The urinary bladder is composed of ____________ epithelium. A. transitional B. simple squamous C. stratified squamous D. pseudostratisfied columnar | back 41 A. transitional |
front 42 Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma protein. This problem is often characterized by _____________. A. Tissue edema B. Extreme weight loss C. Extreme weight gain D. Nerve damage | back 42 A. tissue edema |
front 43 The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body is that it ________. A. has a basement membrane B. is impermeable to most substances C. is drained by an efferent arterioles D. has a blood pressure much lower that other organ systems | back 43 C. is drained by an efferent arteriole |
front 44 Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluids? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Erythropoietin C. aldosterone D. renin | back 44 C. aldosterone |
front 45 Select the correct statement about ureters A. Ureters contain sphincters at the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine B. the epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch C. The ureter are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract D. The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve ending only | back 45 C. the ureter are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract |
front 46 Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salt in the body? A.neuromuscular activity B. membrane permeability C. secretory activity D. anabolism of proteins | back 46 D. anabolism of proteins |
front 47 The functional and structural unit of the kidney is the __________. A. nephron B. loop of Henie C. glomerular capsule D. basement membrane of the capillaries | back 47 A. nephron |
front 48 Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most _______ is found in the intracellular fluid. A.iron B. chloride C. Potassium D. magnesium | back 48 C. potassium |