front 1 What fraction of the U.S. population is at least 65 years old? | back 1 1/8 |
front 2 What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States? | back 2 Over 85 years |
front 3 What is the life expectancy of black males and females in the United States? | back 3 70-77 years |
front 4 What was the average life expectancy of a person born in the year 1900? | back 4 47 years |
front 5 What is the life expectancy of white males and females in the United States? | back 5 76-81 |
front 6 Approximately how many years is the maximum human life span? | back 6 130 |
front 7 Approximately what percentage of a person’s life expectancy is under control of her genes | back 7 B |
front 8 Approximately what percentage of a person’s life expectancy is dependent upon his personal behavior? | back 8 75 |
front 9 What would be the physiological age of a 75-year-old woman whose physical health is equivalent to that of her 50-year-old daughter? | back 9 50 |
front 10 Studies of adults show that longevity is related, in part, to all of the following except | back 10 short periods of sleep |
front 11 What is the most important predictor of a person’s mobility in the later years? | back 11 Regular physical activity |
front 12 Which of the following is a finding from studies of diet restriction in rats? | back 12 Energy-restricted diets led to lowering of the metabolic rate and body temperature |
front 13 Which of the following is a feature of energy intake and longevity? | back 13 Improvements in longevity depend on reducing energy intake but not on the amount of body fat |
front 14 What minimum reduction from the usual intake of energy in people brings about measurable improvements in body fat, blood pressure, insulin response, and blood lipids? | back 14 10% |
front 15 People who persistently restrict energy intake by 30% for 30 years can expect to increase longevity by up to how many years? | back 15 3 |
front 16 In people who practice energy restriction to prolong life, hunger becomes persistent when kcal intake first drops by what percentage? | back 16 30 |
front 17 Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for energy restriction and improved longevity in animals? | back 17 Reduced oxidative stress |
front 18 Which of the following is a feature of the stress response in men and women? | back 18 Women’s general reactions to stress are different than those of men |
front 19 All of the following are characteristics of body weight and older people except | back 19 a higher body weight reduces the risk of sarcopenia |
front 20 The relationship of overweight and health risks diminishes with age, starting after age | back 20 65 |
front 21 What is sarcopenia? | back 21 Loss of muscle mass and strength |
front 22 Which of the following is a characteristic of aging and the immune system? | back 22 Antibiotics are often ineffective in treating older people who have deficient immune systems |
front 23 Which of the following terms describes an immune system that is inefficient and overactive in the aged? | back 23 Inflammaging |
front 24 Mary is 75 years old and has been getting sick recently and losing weight. After assessing all symptoms, her doctor diagnoses atrophic gastritis and prescribes an antibiotic. All of the following are symptoms associated with this condition except | back 24 acid reflux |
front 25 A person with dysphagia has | back 25 difficulty swallowing |
front 26 All of the following are characteristics of tooth loss in the elderly except | back 26 the consumption of applesauce instead of apples and creamed corn instead of corn on the cob reduces nutrient bioavailability and impairs nutritional health. |
front 27 Atrophic gastritis is typically characterized by all of the following signs except | back 27 insufficient secretion of pepsinogen and gastrin |
front 28 A person who is edentulous has | back 28 no teeth |
front 29 Among the elderly, malnutrition is most common in those living | back 29 in nursing homes |
front 30 What is the highest age group recognized in the Dietary Reference Intakes | back 30 71 years and older |
front 31 A person with a pressure ulcer has damage to her | back 31 skin |
front 32 Approximately what percentage decline in basal metabolism is seen in an 80-year-old person compared with a 40-year-old? | back 32 4-8 |
front 33 Approximately what percentage decline in total energy expenditure is seen in a 70 year old versus a 30 year old | back 33 20 |
front 34 Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people? | back 34 They vary according to individual histories |
front 35 Which of the following is a feature of elderly people and water metabolism? | back 35 They do not feel thirsty or recognize dryness of the mouth |
front 36 What is the minimum number of glasses of water per day recommended for older adults? | back 36 6 |
front 37 Marie is an 80-year-old woman with a BMI of 27 who has been admitted to the hospital for dehydration. She lives alone, her diet is very high in desserts and sweets, and she only drinks diet colas. On morning hospital rounds, the attending physician asks the group of interns what they recommend for the patient. With which intern should you disagree? | back 37 Intern A: Try to lose enough weight to achieve a desirable BMI |
front 38 Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly is least likely to occur from | back 38 insufficient intake of vitamin B12 |
front 39 John is 60 years old and has been experiencing numbness in his hands for the past 3 months. His doctor suspects that John is not producing enough hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor and encourages him to eat more foods containing vitamin B12. What is wrong with this suggestion? | back 39 Because John has no intrinsic factor, he cannot efficiently utilize vitamin B12 from natural sources and would need a vitamin B12-fortified food or supplement |
front 40 All of the following are characteristics of vitamin B12 nutrition in older people except | back 40 the DRI Committee recommends that older people increase their meat intake to provide adequate vitamin B12. |
front 41 Which of the following is a recent finding on vitamin D nutrition in the elderly | back 41 The skin’s capacity to synthesize the vitamin is reduced |
front 42 Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D nutrition in the elderly? | back 42 Aging reduces the kidneys’ ability to convert vitamin D to its active form |
front 43 To prevent and treat the high incidence of constipation in the elderly, all of the following practices are known to be effective except | back 43 taking vitamin B12 injections |
front 44 Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in the elderly | back 44 Calcium intakes are well below recommendations |
front 45 Although many health-care professionals do not recommend a daily multivitamin-mineral supplement, the needs for which of the following nutrients are usually met from supplement use? | back 45 Vitamin D |
front 46 Which of the following statements describes one aspect of mineral nutrition of older adults? | back 46 Iron absorption is reduced due to low stomach acidity |
front 47 A condition that increases the likelihood of iron deficiency in older people is | back 47 poor iron absorption due to reduced stomach acid secretion and/or use of antacids. |
front 48 What are the thickenings that occur to the lenses of the eye, thereby affecting vision, especially in the elderly? | back 48 cataracts |
front 49 Jimmy is 33 years old and his obese parents each have cataracts in both eyes. They rarely eat fruits or vegetables and prefer a meat and potatoes existence. To reduce his risk of developing cataracts like his parents, Jimmy should incorporate all of the following into his diet except | back 49 getting enough sleep at night to preserve the integrity of his eyes |
front 50 All of the following are characteristics of age-related macular degeneration except | back 50 therapy includes elimination of purine-containing foods |
front 51 All of the following are features of osteoarthritis except | back 51 nicotine intake reduces inflammation and increases flexibility |
front 52 What nutrients appear to be protective of cataract formation? | back 52 Vitamin C and vitamin E |
front 53 What organ is affected by macular degeneration? | back 53 eyes |
front 54 Which of the following foods seems to benefit rheumatoid arthritis in some people? | back 54 Olive oil |
front 55 All of the following are features of arthritis except | back 55 weight-bearing exercises often aggravate the pain from osteoarthritis. |
front 56 Which of the following types of diets has been shown to prevent or reduce arthritis inflammation? | back 56 Low in saturated fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids |
front 57 All of the following are characteristics of gout except | back 57 it promotes formation of neurofibrillary tangles |
front 58 Glucosamine and/or chondroitin supplements are used by some people to treat symptoms of | back 58 arthritis |
front 59 Which of the following is not a common feature of gout? | back 59 It is treated by reducing intake of milk products |
front 60 Which of the following is thought to promote the development of brain senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles? | back 60 oxidative stress |
front 61 What percentage of U.S. adults are affected by Alzheimer’s disease after age 70? | back 61 10 |
front 62 Factors known to be related to the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease include all of the following except | back 62 a decrease in homocysteine synthesis |
front 63 Which of the following is a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease | back 63 It is associated with clumps of beta-amyloid protein in the brain |
front 64 What is the main reason for dieting in the elderly? | back 64 To pursue a medical goal such as reducing blood glucose |
front 65 Which of the following is a feature of food choices and eating habits of older people? | back 65 opportunity for social interactions |
front 66 What is a congregate meal? | back 66 A meal provided for the elderly in a place such as a community center |
front 67 All of the following are features of the Meals on Wheels program except | back 67 it provides the same social benefits as congregate meals. |
front 68 Goals of the federal Older Americans Act nutrition program include the provision of all of the following except | back 68 high-cost nutritious meals |
front 69 A principal reason that congregate meals are preferable to Meals on Wheels is that | back 69 there are more social benefits to congregate meals |
front 70 Rose is a 73-year-old spunky, energetic woman who is wheel-chair bound. She cannot go to the grocery store and has no family members nearby. Which of the following would be the most appropriate suggestion for ensuring that Rose is obtaining adequate nutrition? | back 70 Sign her up for the Meals on Wheels program |
front 71 Which of the following is a program that provides low-income older adults with coupons that are exchangeable for fresh vegetables and fruits at community-supported farmers’ markets and roadside stands? | back 71 Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program |
front 72 What percentage of eligible people 60 years and older participate in nutrition assistance programs? | back 72 30 |
front 73 What fraction of prescription drugs sold in the United States is taken by people over 65 years of age | back 73 1/3 |
front 74 How does aspirin reduce inflammation and pain? | back 74 It interferes with the synthesis of prostaglandins |
front 75 What are the known consequences of taking a single two-tablet dose of aspirin? | back 75 It doubles the bleeding time of wounds |
front 76 All of the following are characteristics of aspirin use except | back 76 it acts as a pro-clotting agent |
front 77 What is the primary action of the medication megestrol acetate? | back 77 it promotes weight gain |
front 78 A major side effect from the regular use of some antipsychotics, antidepressants, and corticosteroids is | back 78 substantial weight gain |
front 79 What two nutrients are known to interfere significantly with the utilization of the antibiotic tetracycline? | back 79 iron and calcium |
front 80 Regular use of antacids interferes significantly with absorption of all of the following except | back 80 zinc |
front 81 Which of the following drugs has a chemical structure similar to folate? | back 81 Methotrexate |
front 82 What is a common side effect from taking certain prescription drugs and consuming grapefruit juice? | back 82 Blood concentrations of the drugs increase |
front 83 Which of the following is a feature of warfarin use and vitamin K utilization? | back 83 Dietary vitamin K intake determines the amount of warfarin prescribed |
front 84 Your father was recently prescribed an anticoagulant medicine and was surprised that the doctor advised him to maintain consumption of consistent amounts of green leafy vegetables every day. You inform your father that | back 84 inconsistent intakes of green leafy vegetables will interfere with the regular action of the drug. |
front 85 Which of the following foods in particular must be restricted in the diet of a person taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug? | back 85 aged cheeses |
front 86 What ingredient commonly used as a sweetener in liquid medicines often causes diarrhea? | back 86 sorbitol |