front 1 What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lbs | back 1 24 |
front 2 What is the typical weight gain (lbs) of an infant between the first and second year of life? | back 2 10 |
front 3 What is the approximate energy requirement of infants, in kcalories per kilogram body weight | back 3 100 |
front 4 Infants showing symptoms of acidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, elevated blood ammonia and urea, and fever may be reacting to the nutritional problem of | back 4 protein overload |
front 5 Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in infancy | back 5 iron |
front 6 When expressed per kilogram body weight, the nutrient needs of infants are markedly higher than those of young adults for all of the following nutrients except | back 6 iron |
front 7 What organ in the infant uses more than half of the day’s total energy intake? | back 7 brain |
front 8 What is the relative weight of an infant brain compared to an adult’s brain? | back 8 six times as much |
front 9 All of the following are features of nutrition and metabolism in infancy except | back 9 the protein content in breast milk can be high enough to occasionally induce protein overload. |
front 10 The recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals for infants are based on the | back 10 average amounts ingested by thriving infants breastfed by well-nourished mothers |
front 11 Which of the following is a feature of water in infancy? | back 11 Much of the infant’s body water content is located extracellularly |
front 12 All of the following are characteristics of breastfeeding frequency and duration except | back 12 more infrequent and short-duration feedings are preferable to stimulate lactation and breast-filling. |
front 13 For optimal breast-feeding benefits, it is recommended that the infant be encouraged to suckle on each breast for about | back 13 10-15 minutes |
front 14 All of the following are features of breast milk composition except | back 14 the concentration of protein is slightly higher than for cow’s milk |
front 15 According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Pediatric Society, breastfeeding of full-term infants is | back 15 strongly recommended |
front 16 What is the chief reason that breast-fed infants usually need to eat more frequently than formula-fed infants | back 16 Breast milk is digested faster |
front 17 Which of the following is a finding regarding the importance of fatty acid intake for preterm infants fed formulas? | back 17 Formulas enriched with docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in improved visual acuity compared with standard formulas |
front 18 What is the chief protein in human breast milk? | back 18 Alpha-lactalbumin |
front 19 Breast milk as the sole source of nutrition, up to the first 6 months in healthy infants, is satisfactory for all nutrients except | back 19 vitamin D |
front 20 Nutrient characteristics of human breast milk include all of the following except | back 20 the vitamin D content meets optimal growth requirements |
front 21 Which of the following vitamin-mineral supplements need not be prescribed for an infant breastfed beyond 6 months of age? | back 21 Vitamin E |
front 22 What is colostrum | back 22 A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery |
front 23 Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding? | back 23 It provides immunological protection |
front 24 Which of the following is a feature of infant development and nutrition? | back 24 Breast-fed infants obtain iron-binding proteins that inhibit bacterial infections |
front 25 Which of the following is associated with bifidus factors? | back 25 Increased bacterial growth |
front 26 What factor in breast milk binds iron and prevents it from supporting the growth of the infant’s intestinal bacteria? | back 26 Lactoferrin |
front 27 What is lactadherin? | back 27 A breast milk protein that inactivates a GI virus that causes diarrhea |
front 28 You are presenting a talk on the benefits of breastfeeding to a group of new mothers with a Peace Corps group in Zimbabwe. There have been numerous cases of infant diarrhea within this population over the past several years. Why is breastfeeding especially important under these circumstances? | back 28 The lactadherin protein present in breast milk attacks diarrhea-causing viruses |
front 29 All of the following are features of breast milk banks except | back 29 they accept milk from mothers who smoke cigarettes but not marijuana |
front 30 Which of the following describes the results of studies on weight gain of people who were either breastfed or formula fed? | back 30 The findings on weight gain of people who were formula fed or breastfed are inconsistent |
front 31 Which of the following is not known to be an advantage of breastfeeding | back 31 Breastfed infants born prematurely grow more slowly than formula-fed infants born prematurely |
front 32 Compared with cow’s milk, breast milk contains | back 32 less protien and calcium |
front 33 To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infant’s diet is to | back 33 wean. |
front 34 Which of the following formulas is available for infants with lactose intolerance | back 34 soy |
front 35 Which of the following is a feature of infant soy formulas? | back 35 They contain cornstarch and sucrose rather than lactos |
front 36 Features of infant formulas include all of the following excep | back 36 they contain antibodies |
front 37 What type of formula is available for infants with milk allergy? | back 37 soy |
front 38 Which of the following is a common source of lead poisoning in infants | back 38 Contaminated water used to make infant formula |
front 39 What is the most realistic advice for reducing lead exposure from the tap water used to prepare infant formula? | back 39 Because the first water drawn from the tap each day is highest in lead, let the water run a few minutes before using it |
front 40 Goat’s milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of | back 40 folate |
front 41 An infant diagnosed with “goat’s milk anemia” is most likely deficient in | back 41 folate |
front 42 Which of the following sources of nutrition for infants is least likely to become contaminated with microorganisms? | back 42 breast milk |
front 43 Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay? | back 43 Marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle |
front 44 Low-fat or nonfat milk should not be given routinely to a child until after the age of | back 44 two years |
front 45 What term defines the condition of infant tooth deterioration resulting from chronic exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle? | back 45 nursing bottle tooth decay |
front 46 During the first year of life, cow’s milk is considered an inappropriate food due to all of the following except | back 46 it is too low in sodium |
front 47 Which of the following should not be used to feed an infant? | back 47 whole milk |
front 48 Approximately what percentage of infants are born prematurely? | back 48 12 |
front 49 Which of the following feeding practices is recommended for preterm infants? | back 49 They should be fed preterm breast milk, occasionally fortified with specific nutrients |
front 50 Of the following cereals, which is most likely to result in an allergic reaction upon first feeding? | back 50 wheat |
front 51 What is beikost | back 51 A term that describes any nonmilk food offered to an infant |
front 52 Which of the following represents a good age to introduce solid foods to infants? | back 52 five months |
front 53 At what age does the normal infant first develop the ability to swallow solid food | back 53 4-6 months |
front 54 Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time? | back 54 Any allergic reactions can be detected |
front 55 What should be the first cereal introduced to the infant? | back 55 rice |
front 56 Roberta’s first child is now 8 months old. Roberta has been breastfeeding and would like to begin to introduce solids foods. She read somewhere to introduce one food at a time to the infant. Which of the following would be the best choice for the first food to introduce to the baby | back 56 rice |
front 57 Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby’s diet? | back 57 vitamin c and iron |
front 58 Infants should not be given canned vegetables due to excessive amounts of | back 58 sodium |
front 59 Infants fed honey or corn syrup are at increased risk for | back 59 botulism |
front 60 What is the principal reason that information about fat on food labels of infant foods is intentionally omitted? | back 60 To prevent parents from restricting their infants’ fat intake |
front 61 Foods containing sorbitol or other sugar alcohols should not be given to infants because they | back 61 promote diahreaa |
front 62 All of the following are characteristics of vegetarian diets and infancy except | back 62 rice milk may substitute for other beverages from the age of 12 months and on |
front 63 Which of the following is the primary factor in the development of milk anemia? | back 63 excessive intake of cows milk |
front 64 Young children who drink more than 2 to 3½ cups of milk a day are most likely at increased risk for deficiency of | back 64 iron |
front 65 A child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of | back 65 anemia |
front 66 The consumption of milk by children should not exceed 4 cups per day in order to lower the risk for | back 66 iron deficiency |
front 67 What should be the parent’s response when a one-year-old child wants to clumsily spoon-feed himself? | back 67 Let the child try to feed himself so that he will learn |
front 68 Which of the following is associated with energy metabolism of the preschool child? | back 68 A 1-year-old who needs 800 kcal/day would require only about 1600 kcal at 6 years of age |
front 69 Approximately how many kcal per day does an average 6 year old need to obtain? | back 69 1600 |
front 70 How much more total energy does a normal-weight 10 year old need vs. a 1 year old? | back 70 150% |
front 71 A reasonable daily fiber intake for a 5 year old would be | back 71 25g |
front 72 Which of the following is a characteristic of fat in the diet of children? | back 72 Fat intakes below 30% of total energy do not impair growth provided that total energy intake is adequate |
front 73 Which of the following is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among U.S. and Canadian children? | back 73 iron |
front 74 Which of the following is a feature of nutrition in childhood? | back 74 Children who fail to consume vitamin D-fortified foods should receive a daily supplement of 10 micrograms |
front 75 Which of the following is a characteristic of meal planning for children? | back 75 Children 1½ years of age consume more french fries than any other vegetable |
front 76 Which of the following is a characteristic of hunger and behavior in children? | back 76 Children who eat nutritious breakfasts are absent from school less often than their friends who do not |
front 77 Which of the following is the most likely reason that teachers promote the consumption of midmorning snacks for children? | back 77 It provides carbohydrate for maintenance of blood glucose and brain function |
front 78 Which of the following is characteristic of children who regularly eat breakfast or skip breakfast? | back 78 Breakfast-skippers actually show lower scores on IQ tests than those who eat breakfast |
front 79 Jenny is a 13-year-old Hare Krishna who follows a vegan diet due to religious beliefs. She has not been performing as well as her non-vegetarian study friend on math tests and has been very upset about it. The teacher reports to Jenny’s mom that she does not appear focused during lessons and can’t seem to concentrate | back 79 The diet provides insufficient bioavailable iron and she many be anemic |
front 80 All of the following are features of iron nutrition in children except | back 80 the brain appears to be less sensitive to iron deficiency than the rest of the body |
front 81 Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency in children? | back 81 It affects brain function before anemia sets in |
front 82 Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition and behavior in children? | back 82 Children who had iron-deficiency anemia as infants perform poorly even after iron status improves |
front 83 All of the following are common signs of mild lead toxicity except | back 83 dermatitis |
front 84 Which of the following is a characteristic of lead exposure and health? | back 84 Absorption of lead is higher on an empty stomach |
front 85 What is the prevalence of hyperactivity in children? | back 85 5-10% |
front 86 All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except | back 86 in many cases, it responds favorably to dietary manipulations such as limiting sugar intake |
front 87 All of the following are characteristics of hyperactivity in children except | back 87 excessive amounts of sugar may cause or aggravate hyperactivity |
front 88 What is the term given to the child who is hyperactive with severe and impulsive behavior | back 88 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
front 89 A child who develops antibodies to a certain food is said to have a | back 89 food allergy |
front 90 An adverse reaction to food that does not signal the body to form antibodies is termed a | back 90 food intolerance |
front 91 Which of the following is a characteristic of a food allergy | back 91 It always involves the production of antibodies |
front 92 You have just started work as a summer camp counselor and completed a training session for all the new employees on safety. Counselors were instructed to prohibit campers from eating peanut butter and jelly sandwiches anywhere other than the cafeteria. You believe that the most likely explanation for this rule is to | back 92 minimize peanut exposure for campers with peanut allergies. |
front 93 Which of the following foods are most often the cause of allergies? | back 93 eggs,peanuts, milk |
front 94 What food is responsible for the most life-threatening allergic reactions in people? | back 94 peanuts |
front 95 A life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction is known as | back 95 anaphylactic shock |
front 96 A child known to be allergic to peanuts who begins to show signs such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue, and severe abdominal discomfort is most likely in immediate need of a life-saving injection of | back 96 epinephrine |
front 97 All of the following are features of food allergies except | back 97 the presence of antibodies always coincides with physical symptoms |
front 98 A child with a true allergy to milk is actually allergic to the milk’s | back 98 casein |
front 99 If a child is allergic to soy, which of the following should be avoided? | back 99 Textured vegetable protein |
front 100 People who show adverse reactions to foods such as increased pulse rate, nausea, and hives, but do not show antibodies to the offending foods, are displaying | back 100 food intolerances |
front 101 Approximately what percentage of U.S. children between 2 and 19 years of age are overweight? | back 101 32 |
front 102 Which of the following is a characteristic of obesity in childhood | back 102 A nonobese child of nonobese parents has a less than 10% chance of becoming obese in adulthood |
front 103 What are the odds that an overweight 18 year old with only one obese parent will become an obese adult? | back 103 4 in 5 |
front 104 According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, what is the maximum number of hours/day of television viewing for a child under 2 years of age? | back 104 0 |
front 105 What population group consumes the most soft drinks each day at school? | back 105 teenage boys |
front 106 The typical can of soft drink contains the equivalent of how many teaspoons of sugar? | back 106 10 |
front 107 Five cans of soft drinks provide approximately how many kcalories? | back 107 750 |
front 108 To help improve a child’s BMI, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting television and video time for children older than 2 years to how many hours per day? | back 108 2 |
front 109 All of the following describe influences of television and video gaming on nutrition except | back 109 children are exposed to thousands of TV commercials each year but their requests for advertised foods are heeded by their parents only half the time. |
front 110 All of the following are typical growth characteristics of overweight children except | back 110 they can achieve a normal appearance after losing excess fat |
front 111 Which of the following two conditions are associated with television’s influence? | back 111 obesity and high blood lipids |
front 112 What is the most likely explanation for the increased prevalence of obesity in children over the past 30 years? | back 112 they are less active physically |
front 113 What is the leading cause of high blood pressure in children | back 113 obesity |
front 114 Which of the following is a feature of nutrition and behavior in childre | back 114 Television commercials featuring snack foods have been found to affect children’s food preferences |
front 115 Mike is a 10-year-old inactive child who weighs 150 pounds. He has come to your practice with his parents for help on losing weight. What advice should be given to the parents? | back 115 Maintain weight and do not encourage weight loss during growth and development |
front 116 To lower the risk of obesity in children, which of the following practices should parents institute for their children | back 116 Teach them to take appropriate food portions |
front 117 Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child? | back 117 Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity |
front 118 Why is it recommended that overweight children not follow a low-kcalorie diet? | back 118 Diet restriction can interfere with growth and development |
front 119 Who is best able to manage the growth and weight gain of overweight children | back 119 Health-care professional |
front 120 Which of the following steps should be undertaken by the parent or guardian to ensure that young people eat well? | back 120 Control the availability of food |
front 121 Which of the following practices is not among the recommendations to help children develop an interest in vegetables? | back 121 Serve vegetables with the promise that after they are eaten, dessert will follow |
front 122 Even in preschoolers whose habits are being established, existing dietary attitudes are relatively resistant to change. How should wise parents react | back 122 Be patient and persistent |
front 123 All of the following are food preferences in children except | back 123 hot foods are preferred to warm ones |
front 124 All of the following are features of snacking in children except | back 124 snacking should be prevented |
front 125 Which of the following is not among the recommended methods for introducing new foods to children? | back 125 present new foods at the end of a meal |
front 126 If a child is reluctant to try a new food, it is best to | back 126 quietly remove it and present it again at another time. |
front 127 When children are allowed to eat freely from a variety of foods, they usually select foods that are high in | back 127 sugar |
front 128 The single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is | back 128 example |
front 129 What minimum fraction of the RDA for key nutrients for children 10-12 years of age should be provided by public school lunches? | back 129 1/3 |
front 130 Which of the following is a feature of public school food programs? | back 130 They must follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
front 131 All of the following are influences that undermine healthful food intake and food selection at schools except | back 131 reducing the prices of nutritious foods does not promote their purchase by students |
front 132 The adolescent growth spurt | back 132 begins and ends earlier in girls than in boys |
front 133 What is the approximate duration of the adolescent growth spurt? | back 133 2 1/2 years |
front 134 Which of the following is a characteristic of the adolescent period? | back 134 Obesity occurs more often in African-American females |
front 135 All of the following are features of the iron RDA for adolescents except | back 135 the frequency of iron deficiency is similar among males and females of the sam |
front 136 A local high school has just added milk to the vending machines. Parents were very supportive of this change; however, not all the students believe this is useful. You have a few minutes to speak to the student body, and your talk should | back 136 point out that milk is a good source of calcium, which is required for teens during peak bone growth |
front 137 What is menarche | back 137 the females time of first menstration |
front 138 Adolescent women may fail to reach peak bone mass for all of the following reasons except | back 138 lactose intolerance begins to intensify during the teenage years |
front 139 All of the following are characteristics of adolescents’ food intakes except | back 139 eating breakfast results in higher overall daily intakes of protein and fat but unchanged intakes of iron and zinc compared with breakfast skippers |
front 140 Which of the following is a feature of beverage intake in adolescents? | back 140 Four standard colas a day provides enough caffeine to alter behavior |
front 141 Approximately how much caffeine is delivered by a typical cola beverage? | back 141 30-55 mg |
front 142 About how many meals each week are eaten outside the home by adolescents | back 142 7 |
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front 144 Approximately what fraction of an average teenager’s daily energy intake is derived from snacks? | back 144 1/4 |
front 145 A cigarette smoker who is planning to quit should expect a weight gain in the first year of about | back 145 10 lbs |
front 146 Which of the following is not a characteristic of cigarette smokers and nutrition? | back 146 They have higher intakes of carotene-rich foods |
front 147 Which of the following is a characteristic of tobacco use and adolescents? | back 147 Smokers require more vitamin C to maintain body stores |
front 148 All of the following are characteristics in the development of atherosclerosis except | back 148 once plaque is formed, it can be contained but cannot regress. |
front 149 The association of cholesterol to the health of children is described by all of the following except | back 149 there appears to be only a very weak correlation between obesity in children and their blood cholesterol levels. |
front 150 All of the following are characteristics of blood cholesterol in children except | back 150 acceptable total cholesterol levels are up to 240 mg/d. |
front 151 Which of the following is not a characteristic of physically active children and blood lipids? | back 151 They respond differently than do physically active adults towards changes in blood lipids |
front 152 Which of the following is not a dietary recommendation for children? | back 152 Children with high blood cholesterol should be treated first with statin |