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Urinary SYstem

front 1 1) Glomerulus. 2) Afferent arteriole. 3) Collecting duct. 4) Loop of Henle. 5) Peritubular capillaries. 6) Structue most closely associated with granular cells. 7) Medulla of the kidney.	back 1 1) C 2) A 3) B 4) E 5) D 6) A 7) E
front 2 8) Podocyte 9) Is composed of simple squamous epithelium. 10) Collecting duct cells. 11) Proximal convoluted tubule cells.	back 2 8.B 9. A 10. C 11. E
front 3 12) Filtrate at the site of these cells is about the same osmolarity as blood plasma. 14) Cells that reabsorb virtually all the nutrients. 15) Cells that are most affected by ADH. 16) Almost no water is absorbed in these cells.	back 3 12. E 13. E 14. E 15. A 16. C
front 4 17) Proximal convoluted tubule. A) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. B) Site of filtrate formation. C) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. D) Receives venous blood from the cortical radiate vein. E) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.	back 4 17) E

front 5 18) Glomerulus. A) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. B) Site of filtrate formation. C) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. D) Receives venous blood from the cortical radiate vein. E) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.	back 5 18) B
front 6 19) Peritubular capillaries. A) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. B) Site of filtrate formation. C) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. D) Receives venous blood from the cortical radiate vein. E) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.	back 6 19) C
front 7 20) Collecting duct. A) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. B) Site of filtrate formation. C) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. D) Receives venous blood from the cortical radiate vein. E) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.	back 7 20) A
front 8 21) Arcuate vein. A) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. B) Site of filtrate formation. C) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. D) Receives venous blood from the cortical radiate vein. E) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.	back 8 21) D

front 9 1) The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.	back 9 A) loop of Henle
front 10 2) Urine passes through the ________.	back 10 B) pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra
front 11 3) Which of the following is associated with the renal corpuscle? A) a podocyte B) a vasa recta C) a fenestrated capillary D) an efferent arteriole	back 11 B) a vasa recta
front 12 4) An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to ________.	back 12 B) an increase in the production of ADH

front 13 5) The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.	back 13 A) transitional
front 14 6) The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.	back 14 C) by a decrease in the blood pressure
front 15 7) Blood vessels of the renal columns are called ________.	back 15 C) interlobar
front 16 8) Which gland sits atop each kidney?	back 16 A) adrenal

front 17 9) The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.	back 17 B) arcuate
front 18 10) The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.	back 18 C) is drained by an efferent arteriole
front 19 11) The descending limb of the loop of Henle ________.	back 19 D) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
front 20 12) Select the correct statement about the ureters. A) Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine. B) The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch. C) The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract. D) The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.	back 20 C) The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.

front 21 13) The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because ________. B) it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position	back 21 B) it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position
front 22 14) The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. A) Bowmans capsule and glomerulus	back 22 A) Bowmans capsule and glomerulus
front 23 15) The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is ________. A) the nephron	back 23 A) the nephron
front 24 The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible	back 24 D) regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure

front 25 The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because ________.	back 25 it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position
front 26 The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is ________.	back 26 A) the nephron
front 27 17) The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________.	back 27 C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
front 28 18) Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters? A) They are trilayered (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia). B) They are actually an extension of the visceral peritoneum. C) They are made up of several layers of endothelium. D) They are made up entirely of muscle tissue because they need to contract in order to transport urine efficiently.	back 28 A) They are trilayered (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia)

front 29 19) The first major branch of the renal artery is ________. A) arcuate B) interlobular C) segmental D) cortical radiate	back 29 segmental
front 30 20) Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)? A) The stretching of the bladder wall serves as the trigger. B) Motor neurons control micturition. C)The pressure of the fluid in the bladder opens a sphincter and allows the urine to flow by gravity down the urethra. D) The sympathetic efferents are the predominant system controlling micturition.	back 30 A) The stretching of the bladder wall serves as the trigger
front 31 21) The filtration membrane includes all except ________. A) glomerular endothelium B) podocytes C) renal fascia D) basement membrane	back 31 C) renal fascia
front 32 22) The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. A) active transport B) osmosis C) solvent drag D) cotransport with sodium ions	back 32 B) osmosis

front 33 23) Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules ________. A) is not Tm limited B) is in the distal convoluted tubule C) is hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments D) is completed by the time the loop of Henle is reached	back 33 C) is hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments
front 34 24) The macula densa cells respond to ________. A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone C) changes in pressure in the tubule D) changes in solute content of the filtrate	back 34 D) changes in solute content of the filtrate
front 35 25) Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? A) Na+ B) K+ C) glucose D) creatinine	back 35 D) creatinine
front 36 26) The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________. A) glucose B) hormones C) electrolytes D) plasma protein	back 36 D) plasma protein

front 37 27) Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________. A) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells B) increases the rate of glomerular filtration C) increases secretion of ADH D) inhibits the release of ADH	back 37 D) inhibits the release of ADH
front 38 28) The function of angiotensin II is to ________. A)constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure B) decrease the production of aldosterone C) decrease arterial blood pressure D) decrease water absorption	back 38 A)constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
front 39 29) A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________. A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetes insipidus C) diabetic acidosis D) coma	back 39 B) diabetes insipidus
front 40 An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________. A) 1.041-1.073 B) 1.001-1.035 C) 1.030-1.040 D) 1.000-1.015	back 40 B) 1.001-1.035

front 41 31) Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct A) 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4 B) 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 C) 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4 D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4	back 41 D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 3. nephron, 6. collecting duct, 2. minor calyx, 1. major calyx, 5. ureter, 4. urethra
front 42 32) Select the correct statement about the nephrons. A) The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. B) The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule. C) Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron. D) Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name.	back 42 A) The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.
front 43 34) Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A) granular cells B) macula densa C) podocyte cells D) mesangial cells	back 43 C) podocyte cells
front 44 35) Tubular reabsorption ________. A) includes substances such as creatinine B) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient C) by passive processes requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood D) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted waste	back 44 B) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient

front 45 36) Which statement is true about urine? A) Urine is usually slightly alkaline. B) Urine has an ammonialike odor when fresh. C) Urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid. D) Urine has a yellow color due to the presence of hemoglobin	back 45 C) Urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid
front 46 37) Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) passive transport C) countertransport D) secondary active transport	back 46 D) secondary active transport
front 47 38) While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body is ________. A) 50%, or 90 L B) all of the 180 L C) 1%, or 1.8 L D) 100 L	back 47 C) 1%, or 1.8 L
front 48 39) Fetal kidneys do not have to work very hard because ________. A) fetuses do not have any waste to excrete B) there are no functional nephrons until after birth C) the placenta allows the mother's urinary system to clear the waste from fetal blood D) there is no way a fetus could excrete urine until the seventh month of development	back 48 C) the placenta allows the mother's urinary system to clear the waste from fetal blood

front 49 40) Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or older)? A) Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age. B) Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function. C) Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction. D) Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.	back 49 D) Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
front 50 41) The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is ________. A) the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood B) the glomerular hydrostatic pressure C) the capsular hydrostatic pressure D) the myogenic mechanism	back 50 B) the glomerular hydrostatic pressure
front 51 42) If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid ________. A) will be actively secreted into the filtrate B) will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells C) will appear in the urine D) will be reabsorbed by secondary active transport	back 51 C) will appear in the urine
front 52 43) If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean? A) The glucose molecule is too large to be filtered out of the blood. B) Most of the glucose is filtered out of the blood and is not reabsorbed in the convoluted tubules. C) Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed. D) The clearance value of glucose is relatively high in a healthy adult.	back 52 C) Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed.

front 53 44) Excretion of dilute urine requires ________. A) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water C) transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle D) the presence of ADH	back 53 B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water
front 54 45) As the renal artery approaches the kidney, it branches to supply the renal tissue. Place the following in correct sequence starting from the renal artery. 1. segmental 2. cortical radiate 3. arcuate 4. interlobar	back 54 A) 1, 4, 3, 2 1. segmental 4. interlobar 3. arcuate 2. cortical radiate
front 55 46) In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle ________. A) the thin segment is freely permeable to water B) the thick segment is permeable to water C) the thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride D) the thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption	back 55 D) the thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption
front 56 47) Select the correct statement about urinary system development. A) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges. B) The metanephric ducts will become the urethras. C) The pronephros (first tubule system) develops during the tenth week of gestation. D) The mesonephros will develop into the kidneys.	back 56 A) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.

front 57 48) The disruption in homeostasis known as pyelitis is ________. A) a virus that appears only in children because of poor hygiene B) the aftermath of a severe upper respiratory infection C) an infection of the renal pelvis and calyces D) more prevalent in the elderly	back 57 C) an infection of the renal pelvis and calyces
front 58 49) Which statement is correct? A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled. B) Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. C) Most of the water passing through the kidney is eliminated as urine. D) The excretion of sodium ions is one of the mechanisms that maintains the pH balance of the blood.	back 58 A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled.