front 1 no data | back 1 58 electron transport chain 1-Four ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
combined. The electron transport chain produces 34 ATP. 59 lactic acid ferementation Lactic acid fermentation is common in fungi and bacteria. Lactic
acid fermentation also takes place in human muscle cells when
strenuous exercise causes temporary oxygen shortages. 60 alcohol fermentation Alcoholic fermentation is the source of ethyl alcohol present in
wines and liquors. It also accounts for the bubbles in bread. When
yeast in bread dough runs out of oxygen, it goes through alcoholic
fermentation, producing carbon dioxide. These carbon dioxide bubbles
create spaces in the dough and cause it to rise. 61 In aerobic respiration carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into: carbon dioxide (co2) 62 Most ATP in eukaryotic cells is produced in the: Mitochondria 63 Most ATP produced in aerobic respiration occurs in the process of: chemiosmosis 64 In aerobic respiration, the energy in 1 mole of glucose is capable of producing how many ATP molecules: 38 x (6.02 x 1023) molecules of ATP 65 products of glycolysis include pyruvate, NADH, ATP 66 In glycolysis the most reduced compound formed is: Pyruvate 67 In glycolysis, the activation of glucose is accomplished by: ATP 68 Products of the Krebs cycle include: carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2 69 The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is: oxygen 70 In the presence of oxygen, all cells synthesize ATP via the process of glycolysis. Many cells also can metabolize pyruvate if oxygen is not present, via the process of: fermentation 71 The net result of the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and fermentation is the production of: 2 ATP 72 Which stage of aerobic respiration requires ATP? glycolysis 73 Which stage of aerobic respiration requires CO2? none 74 Which stage of aerobic respiration produces ATP and NADH and releases CO2? Krebs cycle 75 The high concentration of protons in the inner mitochondrial space relative to the mitochondrial matrix represents: potential energy 76 As protons flow through the ______ , energy is released and exploited to combine ADP and inorganic phosphate to form ATP. ATP synthase 77 photosynthesis plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy that is stored in sugars and other organic compounds. 78 chlorophyll green color pigment in plants 79 How is ATP generated in ETC ATP is generated as H+ moves down its concentration gradient through a special enzyme called ATP synthase 80 Where do ETC occur in mitochondria 81 where does kreb cycle occur in mitochondria 82 where does glycolysis occur in cytoplasm 83 where does aerobic respiration occur in glycolysis, kreb cycle, and ETC 84 GLycolysis produces: 4 ATP's and 2 NADH, but uses 2 ATP's in the process for a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH 85 products released during transisition stage (before krebs cycle) 2 NADH's are generated (1 per pyruvate) 86 what is generated during krebs cycle 6 NADH's are generated (3 per Acetyl CoA that enters) 87 what is produced together the transistion stage and krebs cycle 8 NADH 88 what is the goal of ETC to break down NADH and FADH2, pumping H+ into the outer compartment
of the mitochondria. 89 building blocks of organisms cells 90 During which metabolic stage is glucose broken down to pyruvate?
glycolysis 91 What molecule is essential for aerobic respiration to take place?
oxygen 92 Which of the following is not one of the three major macromolecule
components of food? oxygen 93 Which of the following molecules contains three phosphate groups?
ATP 94 Which of the following is not a coenzyme? ATP 95 Organisms that acquire energy through photosynthesis are called
which of the following? PHototrophs 96 In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is
FADH2 oxidized? II 97 Organisms that acquire energy through ingestion of food are called
which of the following? Chemotrophs 98 Chemotrophs require _________ and produce _________ while
phototrophs require _________ and produce _________. o2 co2 co2 o2 99 In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is ATP
synthesized? V 100 Metabolic reactions that synthesize molecules are classified as
_________ while metabolic reactions that degrade molecules are
classified as _________. anaebolic 101 What type of metabolic reaction involves a loss of electrons from
the molecule involved? oxidation 102 What molecule is produced when oxygen is reduced by the electrons
in the electron transport chain? water 103 What type of metabolic reaction involves a gain of electrons by the
molecule involved? reduction 104 How many molecules of carbon dioxide are generated during the Kreb
cycle? 2 105 What type of metabolic reaction does not change the atomic make-up
of the molecule involved? isomerization 106 What type of metabolic reaction involves the transfer of a
phosphate group? phosopholyration 107 Which of the following is not a component of the chemotrophic
respiratory pathway? photosynthesis 108 What is the name of the molecule generated in the final step of the
Kreb cycle and is also used in the first step? oxalocetate 109 Respiration that occurs without oxygen is classified as which of
the following anerorbic 110 What is the main cellular structure involved in respiration?
mitochondria 111 Which of the following does not accurately describe the glycolytic
pathway? anabolic 112 How many carbon atoms are found in one molecule of glucose?
6 113 What is the end product of aerobic glycolysis? pyruvate 114 In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place? cytosol 115 An enzyme that ca |
front 2 proteins, (few with RNA and proteins) ( some has only RNA) 42 what are pathways multistep reactions 43 basic properties of enzymes speed up reactions 44 how do enzymes affect chemical reactions enzymes are catalysts. Catalysts help reactions occur more quickly
(increase rate of reactions), or at unfavorable conditions (wrong pH,
wrong temperature) 45 factors that influence enzyme activity 1. shape: temp, ph, ionic condition, absense of inhibitor, water,
chemical modification 46 what can you adjust in enzyme activity only inhibitors and chemical modification.. everything else stays the same 47 what determines the specificity of enzymes structure (lock and key mechanism) 48 competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors competitive: bind to same site as substrate (compete for binding),
no reaction because it is stuck to site 49 what happens during denaturation the 3-D structure of protein get disturb or get opened (uncoil) by
breaking of hydrogen bonds. happens during heat 50 what are the conditions that can cause denaturation of proteins heat 51 what is the universsal energy molecule of the cell ATP (adenosine tri phosphate) 52 what is the role of oxygen in fermentation, aeorbic respiration, anerobic respiration? see notebook 53 what is the final chemical product after the breakdown of glucose during respiration, fermentation Fermentation - 2 ATP from one glucose 54 which part of respiration, fermentation, produces carbon dioxide? Carbon dioxide is released during two phases of cellular respiration. The first phase that carbon dioxide leaves is during pyruvate decarboxylation. The second time CO2 is released is during the Kreb's cycle. 1 CO2 leaves during the decarboxylation and two leave during the Kreb's cycle. Since there are two pyruvate per glucose molecule, everything happens twice. This makes a total of 6 CO2 released per glucose molecule. 55 what is required to carry out glycolysis, making of fermentation products, krebs cycle, etc glucose 56 Glycolysis 1-Glycolysis is part of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
57 Kreb's cycle 1-The Krebs cycle results in 2 ATP molecules for each glucose
molecule run through glycolysis. | back 2 no data |