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microbiology chapter 14 potential test questions

front 1

in which type of symbiosis do both members benefit from their interaction?

  1. mutualism
  2. parasitism
  3. commensalism
  4. pahogenesis

back 1

a. mutualism

front 2

An axenic environment is one that _____________.

  1. exists in the human mouth
  2. contains only one species
  3. exists in the human colon
  4. both a and c

back 2

b. contains only one species

front 3

which of the following is false concerning microbial contaminants?

  1. contaminants may become opportunistic pathogens
  2. most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm
  3. contaminants may be part of the transient microbiota
  4. contaminants may be introduced by mosquito bite

back 3

b. most microbial contaminants will eventually cause harm

front 4

the most frequent portal of entry for a phogen is __________

  1. the respiratory tract
  2. the skin
  3. the conjunctiva
  4. a cut or wound

back 4

a. respiratory tract

front 5

the process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells is __________.

  1. infection
  2. contamination
  3. disease
  4. adhesion

back 5

d. adhesion

front 6

which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious diseases?

  1. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
  2. incubation, decline, prodromal period, illness, convalescence
  3. prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline, convalescence
  4. convalescence, prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline

back 6

a. incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

front 7

which of the following are most likely to cause disease?

  1. opportunistic pathogens in a weakened host
  2. pathogens lacking the enzyme kinase
  3. pahogens laking the enzyme collagenase
  4. highly virulent organisms

back 7

d. highly virulent organisms

front 8

the nature of bacterial capsules ____________

  1. causes widespread blood clotting
  2. allows phagocytes to readily engulf these bacteria
  3. affects the virulence of the bacteria
  4. has no effect on the virulence of bacteria

back 8

c. affects the virulence of the bacteria

front 9

when pathogenic bacterial cells lose the ability to make adhesins, they typically _____________

  1. become avirulent
  2. produce endotoxin
  3. absorb endotoxin
  4. increase in virulence

back 9

a. become avirulent

front 10

a disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of tiem before becoming active is termed a(n) ________

  1. subacute disease
  2. acute disease
  3. chronic disease
  4. latent disease

back 10

d. latent disease

front 11

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease?

  1. it normally occurs in a given geographic area
  2. it is a disease that occurs more frequently than usual for a geographical area or group of people
  3. it occurs infrequently at no predictable time scattered over a large area or population
  4. it is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time

back 11

d.

  1. it is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time

front 12

Which of the following types of epidemiologists is most like a detective?

  1. a descriptive epidemiologist
  2. an analytical epidemiologist
  3. an experimental epidemiologist
  4. a reservoir epidemiologist

back 12

b. analytical epidemiologist

front 13

consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector?

  1. animal
  2. virus
  3. mosquito
  4. person

back 13

c. mosquito

front 14

a patient contracted athlete's foot after long-term use of a medication. His physician explained that the malady was directly related to the medication. Such infections are termed __

  1. healthcare associated infections
  2. exogenous infections
  3. iatrogenic infections
  4. endogenous infections

back 14

d. endogenous infection

front 15

Which of the following phrases describes a contagious disease?

  1. a disease arising form fromites
  2. a disease that is easily passed form host to host in aerosols
  3. a disease that arises from opportunistic, normal microbiota
  4. both a and b

back 15

b. a disease that is easily passed form host to host in aerosols

front 16

A microbe that causes disease is called a ________________

back 16

pathogens

front 17

an infection that may go unnoticed because of the abscence of symptoms are called __________

back 17

asymptomatic or subclinical

front 18

the study of the cause of a disease is ______________

back 18

etiology

front 19

the study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted whithin populations is _____________

back 19

epidemiology

front 20

diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are called _____________

back 20

zoonoses

front 21

nonliving reservoirs of disease, such as a toothbrush, drinking glass, and needle, are called _______________

back 21

fromites

front 22

____________ infections are those acquired by patients or staff while in health care facilities

back 22

noscomial

front 23

the total number of cases of disease in a given area is its ___________

back 23

prevalence

front 24

an animal that carries a pathogen and also serves as host for the pathogen is a ___________ vector

back 24

biological

front 25

Endotoxin, also know as __________, is part of the outer (wall) membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

back 25

lipid A