front 1 Reflex | back 1 rapid, predictable, involuntary motor responses to stimuli |
front 2 Five essential components of a reflex arc | back 2 receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector |
front 3 What is the importance of reflex testing in a routine physical examination? | back 3 It is an important diagnostic tool for assessing the condition of the nervous system. |
front 4 Reflexes classified as somatic reflexes include | back 4 - abdominal reflex - calcaneal tendon reflex - corneal reflex - crossed-extensor reflex - gag reflex - patellar reflex - plantar reflex |
front 5 Stretch reflexes | back 5 - calcaneal tendon reflex - patellar reflex |
front 6 Superior cord reflexes | back 6 - corneal reflex - plantar reflex |
front 7 Reflexes classified as autonomic reflexes | back 7 - ciliospinal reflex - pupillary light reflex |
front 8 Two spinal cord-mediated reflexes | back 8 - patellar reflex - cross-extensor reflex |
front 9 Two somatic reflexes in which the higher brain centers participate | back 9 - pupillary light reflexes - superficial cord relexes |
front 10 Can the stretch reflex be elicited in a pithed animal (that is, an animal in which the brain has been destroyed)? | back 10 Yes. Even without the brain, a stretch reflex only needs an afferent control center and motor fibers to be elicited. These components still stay intact even if the brain has been destroyed. |
front 11 Patellar reflex | back 11 Hit patellar tendon to excite muscle spindles of quadriceps. (afferent nerve) femoral nerve to (integration centers) l2 - l4 from there it goes to (efferent nerve) femoral back to quadriceps (effector) to make contraction. also sends to hamstring (effector) to give it resistance. |
front 12 Calcaneal tendon relex | back 12 hit tendon nociceptors in tendo-achilles. goes to CNS by sciatic nerve (afferent) then goes to interneurons in spinal cord (integration center) s1 - s2. then to alfa motor n (efferent n) tibial nerve from sciatic nerve to lead to the (effector) gastrocnemius muscle. |
front 13 What factor increases the excitatory level of the spinal cord? | back 13 muscle activity |
front 14 What factor decreases the excitatory level of the muscles? | back 14 fatigue |
front 15 What a subject is concentrating on an arithmetic problem, did the change noted in the patellar reflex indicate that brain activity is necessary for the patellar reflex or on it that it may modify it? | back 15 no effect, it does not involve the brain |
front 16 Ciliospinal reflex | back 16 sympathetic |
front 17 Salivary reflex | back 17 sympathetic |
front 18 Pupillary light reflex | back 18 parasympathetic |
front 19 Pupillary light reflex protects | back 19 to protect and help control the eyes from damage from different light settings |
front 20 Corneal reflex protects | back 20 to protect the eyes from foreign bodies and lights |
front 21 Crossed-extensor reflex protects | back 21 to help protect and maintain balance when a withdraw reflex occurs at another part of the body. Helps so you will not hurt yourself when a reflex occurs. |
front 22 Was the pupillary consensual response contralateral or ipsilateral? | back 22 contralateral |
front 23 Why would such a response be of significant value in this particular reflex? | back 23 Helps to even out the light rays making it less stressful for the affected eye. |
front 24 Differentiate the types of activities accomplished by somatic and autonomic reflexes. | back 24 somatic reflexes include all pathways that are voluntary actions of the body. and autonomic reflexes include all pathways that result in involuntary actions. |
front 25 Micturition reflex | back 25 Organ involved: Bladder/uterus Receptors stimulated: stretch receptors Action: sensation to urinate |
front 26 Defecation relex | back 26 Organ involved: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small and large intestines, all digestive organs Receptors stimulated: stretch receptors Action: stool passage |
front 27 Carotid sinus relex | back 27 Organ involved: carotid, common carotid, arteries, heart, blood, vessels Receptors stimulated: beroreceptors Action: control of blood pressure by regulating changes in heart rate |
front 28 How do intrinsic and learned reflexes differ? | back 28 Basic reflexes are inherited - born with them. Learned/acquired reflexes are not inherited - not born with them. |
front 29 Three factors that may modify reaction time to a stimulus | back 29 illness, age, and fatigue |
front 30 How did the response time for the learned activity performed in the laboratory compare to that for the simple patellar reflex? | back 30 learned reflexes are not as fast as basic reflexes |
front 31 Did the response time without verbal stimuli decrease with practice? | back 31 yes, because it is being learned/stored by repetition |
front 32 Explain why response time increased when the subject had to react to a word stimulus. | back 32 because it distracts, it makes the reflexes slow down, the body can't go as fast with two as it can with one |